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对于我们大多数人来说，很难想象有人伤害孩子。尽可能令人不安，孩子虐待和忽视是非常真实的。每年超过600,000名儿童是美国虐待或忽视的受害者（美国卫生部和人类服务部，2012年）。我们大多数人永远不会理解为什么个人犯罪或忽视的原因。本课程的目的是帮助您了解虐待和忽视的虐待和忽视。它还可以帮助您了解您在报告和预防滥用和忽视方面的义务。你是一个授权的记者。这意味着您有法律要求报告滥用或忽视适当的当局（例如，儿童保护服务）的怀疑。如果您不确定某些事情是否滥用或忽视，您可能希望与您的家庭儿童保健协调员或导演或当地资源和推荐教练或代理商讨论。万博体育下载官方网站然而，您从来不必寻求允许报告，也不能告诉您不报告。如果您认为发生了滥用或忽视的情况，则需要正确向其报告。

什么是虐待和忽视？

需要一分钟以反映该定义。您对联邦定义的印象是什么？这是什么意思？让我们更详细地探索每个部分：

• 最近的行为或未能采取行动：This reminds us that abuse and neglect are two distinct concepts. A child can be harmed by blatant actions like hitting or kicking, but a child can also be harmed when an adult fails to provide for the child's well-being. For example, an adult may fail to supervise a child, fail to provide necessary medical treatment, or fail to feed or bathe a child.
• 在父母或看护人的部分：记住虐待和忽视可以发生任何地方和任何人。虐待不仅仅发生在父母或家庭成员的手中。虐待和忽视可以由任何负责照顾孩子的任何人犯下。这可能是教师，教练，信仰领导者或任何其他人在护理或监督作用中，包括其他住在或经常访问家庭幼儿家园的其他成年人。万博体育下载官方网站
• which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm:We don't have to wait for tragedies to strike. If a child is in serious risk of harm, it can be considered abuse or neglect.

This definition is the minimum federal standard. States and government departments can develop their own more specific definitions of child abuse and neglect.

根据美国卫生和人类服务部，虐待儿童虐待和忽视一般落入这四类之一：

Where Does Child Abuse and Neglect Occur?

Child abuse and neglect can happen anywhere. You should be familiar with two distinct types of abuse and neglect:

• 在孩子的家中发生家庭虐待或忽视。虐待或疏忽的行为由父母，监护人或家庭成员犯下。
• 体制外发生虐待或忽视home in community or private settings. This type of abuse or neglect is also known as "out-of-home" or "extrafamilial" abuse or neglect. This type of abuse often involves a child and an adult in a supervisory role, like a teacher, caregiver, group leader, or volunteer.

您将在本课程的最后一课和儿童虐待中了解更多有关机构滥用的信息：预防课程。但是，在开始本课程时，您应该知道一些事情。有一些类型的指导和纪律有可能造成伤害和模型侵略。当我们使用与儿童的侵略性技术时，他们和他们的家庭就会了解对行为的激进反应是好的。这不是我们想要送儿童和家庭的信息。以下做法在家庭育儿家庭中没有地方，可能被视为儿童虐待或忽视：万博体育下载官方网站

• Corporal punishment：You may not, under any circumstances, strike, hit, whip, spank, or use any other form of physical punishment on a child of any age.
• Withholding physical needs：在任何情况下，你可能都不会扣留食物，睡眠，身体活动或其他需要，就像从孩子那样养殖作为惩罚。
• 大喊大叫，羞辱，贬低或威胁孩子：You may not, under any circumstances, intentionally make a child fear for his or her physical or psychological safety. You may not call children hurtful names, threaten children, or make children feel shame.
• 隔离孩子：You may not punish a child by leaving him or her alone (i.e., leaving a child on the playground alone because he did not line up with the group) or by putting the child in “time out” in an enclosed space like a closet, restroom, or cardboard box.
• Binding or restricting a child’s movements：You may not punish a child by preventing him or her from being able to move or speak (i.e., covering a child’s mouth or hands with tape).

如果家庭幼万博体育下载官方网站儿提供者或其或她的家庭的成员被指控儿童虐待或忽视，他们可以预期，在调查正在进行调查时，他们的护理中的所有儿童都会被删除。有关更多具体信息，请与您的家庭儿童保育总监或协调员交谈。万博体育下载官方网站

谁有风险？

Child abuse and neglect can happen to anyone. There is no typical abuser or victim. There are some situations that are associated with higher levels of risk for abuse or neglect, though. Understanding who is more at risk for abuse and neglect can help us provide extra support to children and families who are experiencing stress. We can think of risk occurring at several levels: individual, family, and community.

有三类儿童有三类体验虐待儿童虐待和忽视的风险：幼儿，残疾儿童和挑战性行为的儿童。这意味着有困难时期的儿童，控制他们的情绪，遵循方向或与他人相处可能存在风险。周围的成年人可能很容易沮丧或不知道如何帮助孩子。我们必须小心地记住这并不意味着孩子会导致虐待和忽视。孩子永远不会责怪。它并不意味着只有这些类别的儿童被滥用或被忽视。相反，我们必须记得为孩子们满足这些特征的家庭提供额外的支持。

观看此视频，了解为什么幼儿容易受到虐待和忽视以及滥用和忽视的长期影响。它涉及婴儿，幼儿，学龄前儿童和学龄儿童的脆弱性和效果。万博体育全站app

Child Abuse and Neglect: Vulnerabilities and Long Term Effects

当您在视频中看到的时，婴儿和幼儿在较大年龄群体中的儿童和青年比儿童和青少年更具危险程度。关心婴儿或幼儿的现实可能与父母在孩子出生之前的期望不匹配。这可能对家庭压力有压力，可以让他们容易受到虐待或忽视。

还有一些犯罪风险的家庭特征，滥用或忽视。具有较少的儿童发展或儿童虐待历史的成年人正在增加犯罪虐待或忽视的风险。然而，重要的是要记住，并非所有被虐待的成年人都遭到虐待，因为孩子们继续虐待自己的孩子。具有物质滥用，心理健康问题或纪律方法的成年人也可能存在风险。

Abuse is more likely to occur in families that are socially isolated. A family might be socially isolated for many reasons: a recent move or deployment might separate them from extended family and friends, long or unpredictable work schedules might prevent them from having social opportunities, or they might not know how to reach out to others. Child abuse and neglect is also more likely to occur in families that have experienced other forms of domestic violence, like violence against a spouse or partner. Families experiencing stress (like unemployment, birth of a new child, marital conflict, or deployment), poor parent-child relationships, and negative interactions also are more at risk.

社会风险的事实ors include community violence, high levels of poverty, high levels of mobility and housing instability, high unemployment rates, and poor social connections. Community risk factors can add increased stress on families. Abuse and neglect is more likely to occur when stress is high or access to necessary resources is low.

什么是保护因素？

Take a moment to reflect on the risk factors you just read about. If you could think of ways to counteract or cancel out those risk factors, what would they be? What types of characteristics minimize the risk for child abuse and neglect? Researchers and policymakers have spent a lot of time thinking about these questions. As a result, the Center for the Study of Social Policy has developed the Strengthening Families Protective Factors Framework to prevent child abuse and neglect. It is important to understand this framework because it can help you see that the high-quality, family-centered work that you do every day in your program makes a difference in the lives of children and families. Our job is not only to care for each child, but also to provide care and support for the whole family. The Strengthening Families Protective Factors Framework gives us tools and ideas to support families.

有部分申请的资源你to read and review to learn more about the Protective Factors Framework. Here is a brief overview of the five protective factors that help prevent child abuse and neglect in families. When these five factors are strong, families are better equipped with the skills and supports they need to protect their child from abuse and neglect.

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观看此视频以了解有关保护因素框架的更多信息。

防止儿童虐待和忽视：保护因素

Do

我在理解儿童虐待和忽视方面的作用是什么？

As a family child care provider, you have a legal and ethical professional responsibility to protect children from harm. That is your most important responsibility and one that is highlighted in the National Association for the Education of Young Children code of professional ethics. Given this important ethical responsibility, it is also necessary to recognize that you have a legal obligation to act when you suspect a child is in harm's way. As a family child care provider, you are a mandated reporter for suspicions of child abuse and neglect. This means you are legally required to report suspicions of child abuse and neglect. You will learn about reporting procedures in subsequent lessons. For now, it is important to recognize that you have an obligation to report your suspicions.

What is My Role in Strengthening Families?

您的主要作用是学习所有您可以对家庭的所有关系，并与他们建立强有力的关系。您可能是第一个家庭成员对其存在的问题或关注的人。您可以为家庭提供资源（例如，关于处理咬或社区信息的提示）。关于保护因素框架可以帮助您了解您可以支持您每天看到的家庭的简单方法。

You will learn much more about this topic in the Child Abuse: Prevention course and in the Family Engagement course. For now, take time to learn about the Strengthening Families Protective Factors Framework and reflect on how it can guide your work. Make a commitment to build positive relationships with all of the families you work with. You can also continue to:

• 帮助建立对社区虐待和忽视的认识。
• Participate in required trainings like this one.
• Learn about resources in your community that you can share with families.

Visit the Center for Study of Social Policy's Strengthening Families website (https://cssp.org/our-work/projects/protective-factors-framework/) to learn more about the Protective Factors Framework approach.

Completing this Course

For more information on what to expect in this course, the Child Abuse: Identification & Reporting能力反思以及在整个课程中提供的附带学习，探索和应用资源和活动的列表，访问家庭幼儿童童虐待：识别和报告万博体育下载官方网站Course Guide。

Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.