注意：本课程的叙述部分由德里G.Koralek，教学策略Inc.，华盛顿特区，1993年11月，在国防部合约组织德国德国办公室的德国教育策略。家庭政策支持和服务，国防部长办公室。它已根据统一设施标准更新。

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What Design Features Can Help Keep Children Safe in Family Child care Homes?

All family child care homes are unique, and the individual character of each family child care home is part of what makes these settings feel like home. That being said, family child care homes should be designed to ensure that parents and family child care administrators can observe the daily care of children and ensure that the home and outdoor play areas are safe. The following design features can help promote visibility and enable active supervision of all children at all times:

• All areas in and around the home used for a family child care program (e.g., rooms, hallways, entryway, and outdoors spaces) are well-lit, and visibility is good enough so that all spaces can be supervised easily.
• 任何时候都可以看到所有儿童。当多个房间用于儿童看护时，可能需要移除一些视觉障碍，以便从任何地方都能看到儿童。提供者应该调整位置和他们的环境，使所有的孩子在任何给定的时间都在视线内。
• 存储区域和衣柜锁或安全内核ed so that a child cannot access them. These areas are only opened during child care hours if the provider needs to get something and then immediately relocked. Ideally, storage areas are also designed so the hardware on the door is operable from both sides. Doors on closets can be opened from the inside without a key. This prevents a child from being locked in a closet or storage area.
• There are no draperies or blinds that obstruct the view into areas in which children receive care or areas where someone, including other children, might take a child.
• 对于年幼的孩子，浴室的门是敞开的，以便于观察和支撑。5岁以上的儿童和成人关上浴室门以保护隐私。
• 理想的情况是，睡眠区设在活动室，以便所有的孩子可以在任何时候看到。睡觉的孩子应该随时可见。如果一个孩子或婴儿在其他孩子玩耍时睡着了，该孩子应该睡在活动区可见的区域。如果所有的孩子都睡着了，如果所有的孩子都看得见，医生可能会让他们睡在家里不同的地方。
• 建立阁楼和游戏等游戏结构，以便在结构中播放时可以查看儿童。

Family child care providers should also take precautions to ensure that outsiders cannot enter the home and gain access to children. For example:

• 选择一个入口进入您的家庭，担任家庭和游客的中央入口。
• 除了您或家庭进入或退出家庭的过程之外，将所有门锁定。
• 考虑所有退出门的警报系统，这些门不打开到围栏区域。
• 在户外或共用游乐场空间或共享游乐场空间时，是警惕和练习强烈的监督，特别是如果陌生人或外人接近孩子。

哪些业务政策和程序可以减少虐待和忽视儿童的可能性？

通过来自当地许可机构的指导，您的家庭儿童保育计划已建立运营政策和程序，可以减少儿童虐待和忽视的潜力。万博体育下载官方网站这些政策和程序应解决提供者的行为，儿童监督，访问家庭，以及使用志愿者，实习生和学生的培训。可能与程序中的策略和程序的一些示例包括以下内容：

Provider Conduct

• 在违反家庭儿童保健家庭所在的国家违反标准的情况下，使用体罚或其他纪律程序是立即终止计划许可或向家庭提供家庭儿童保育服务的能力的理由。万博体育下载官方网站

儿童监督

• Children must be accompanied by a provider when returning to the home from outdoor play spaces.
• Match supervision to the needs and abilities of children and youth. For infants, toddlers and preschoolers, supervision must be maintained at all times. No child can be left unattended at any time whether indoors or outdoors, asleep, resting, or awake. Children may only be out of line of sight for very brief, infrequent periods of time (e.g., so that you may use the restroom). Younger school-age children will also need more direct supervision. Make sure an adult is always close enough to respond if children call for help. Adapt supervision based on the needs of the children and the characteristics of the activity. Potentially dangerous activities like woodworking or water play will require direct supervision for all children regardless of age.
• Children may be released only to a parent or legal guardian or an adult authorized in writing by the parent or legal guardian.
• 必须安排室内和活动空间，因此可以随时通过提供者视觉监督儿童。
• 如果可能的话，室外游戏空间应该用栅栏围起来，游戏场地的大门应该有封闭硬件，10岁以下的儿童不能操作。

入户取车手续

• 父母或监护人必须带他们的孩子并从程序中拿起他们的孩子。父母或监护人和提供者在下降和拾取时间期间应口头且视觉上相互连接。例如，在车道中删除一个孩子，而无需视觉和与家庭幼儿保养者的口头连接不安全。万博体育下载官方网站
• 如果父母或监护人不能在某一天接孩子，他或她应提前告诉医疗机构谁将在哪一天接孩子，以及他们到达的大致时间。父母或监护人书面同意将孩子交给另一个成年人是优先考虑的。当候补成年人来接回孩子时，提供者应检查该个人的驾驶执照，以确保在释放孩子之前，正确识别的人正在接回他们。在紧急情况下，或者如果父母或监护人忘记通知提供者另一个成年人接孩子，在释放孩子之前，一定要打电话给父母或监护人确认安排。
• 父母或监护人应该能够进入家庭的家庭护理计划在该计划中所在的地方进行。万博体育下载官方网站
• 在儿童保育区或户外游乐区内参观您的项目的游客必须始终由提供者陪同。确保在您的项目中，儿童永远不会与访客单独在一起，除非他们是后备提供者或家庭儿童保育管理员。万博体育下载官方网站
• Entry to your home should be limited to one entrance and exit. One entrance should be used for parents and visitors to access the program, while other means of entry should only be used to access outdoor play areas or evacuate in case of an emergency.

Volunteers, Interns, and Student Helpers

• 志愿者、实习生和学生助手不能单独与一个孩子或一群孩子一起工作。
• Volunteers, interns, and student helpers may not work in your program after violations of your program discipline policy or allegations of child abuse or neglect.
• 志愿者，实习生和学生助手必须遵守与认可，报告和预防虐待和忽视相关的背景检查和培训的规定。

Special Supervision Considerations for Infants

当你和婴儿一起工作时，你应该记住一些额外的指导方针来防止伤害。这些包括：安全的睡眠，肚子的时间，和痛苦的迹象。

安全睡眠：All infants should be placed on their backs to sleep. Infants should sleep in a safety-approved crib with a firm mattress. No pillows, blankets, toys, or soft bedding should be in the crib. These precautions minimize the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. You will learn more about this in the Safe Environments course.

腹部时间：所有的婴儿每天都需要花很短的时间在肚子上。这可以增强他们的头、颈和核心肌肉。肚子的时间应该发生在宝宝清醒和警觉的时候。在婴儿肌肉力量允许的情况下，提供者可能会在坐在婴儿旁边的地板上，与婴儿互动，并确保婴儿不处于痛苦中时，开始进行腹部活动。在任何情况下，婴儿都不应无人看管，或在肚子痛的时候用手捂住肚子。如果婴儿在肚子痛的时候有困难，医生应该重新安置婴儿的身体或者结束肚子痛的治疗。如果婴儿在肚子的时候睡着了，必须立即把婴儿移到他或她指定的婴儿床或婴儿港，并放在他们的背上睡觉。作为提供者，你应该总是坐在婴儿肚子的时候。这鼓励了互动和联系，但也确保了婴儿在肚子的时间监督。

痛苦的迹象：Infants are completely reliant on you for their safety and care. You must learn to watch for signs that infants are in distress. If you see any of these signs, take immediate action by calling 911:

• 婴儿嘴角发青
• Breathing becomes rapid and shallow

还有其他迹象表明婴儿正在经历较低程度的痛苦。当你看到这些迹象时，对婴儿迅速做出反应是很重要的：

• 哭
• 拱起背部和推开
• Flailing the arms or legs
• 分开宽阔的手指
• Looking panicked or worried
• Gagging
• Repeatedly yawning, sneezing, or hiccupping

当你看到这些标志时，选择婴儿，抚慰她。摇滚宝宝，带着宝宝走在房间里，或唱一首温柔的歌。尝试减少嘈杂的噪音，明亮的灯光和其他可能扰乱宝宝的干扰。

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What do safe facilities look like? Watch this video to find out.

Facilities that Protect Children from Harm

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When abuse or neglect occurs at a family child care home, the results can be devastating to the provider or adult involved, to the children, to the families, and to the entire system of family child care providers. You need to know how to prevent child abuse and neglect. Your prevention role includes the following:

• Recognizing when high levels of personal stress are affecting your caregiving performance and learning ways to remain in control of your behavior
• Learning about stages of child development so your expectations for children’s behavior are realistic and appropriate
• 狗万app怎么下载学习并使用积极的指导技巧，帮助孩子们发展自律
• 试图了解孩子行为的原因
• 认识到您的计划内的标志，表明虐待儿童滥用和忽视的潜力
• 遵循最小化儿童虐待和忽视潜力的法规