Children develop and learn within all types of families, and family members are the most important people in young children’s lives. When providers understand families as a system and the impact of parenting in early childhood, they are better able to develop partnerships with families to help create an environment that meets the needs of each child. This lesson shares perspectives for understanding families and provides an introduction to family-centered practice.
辅助标签
- 识别个人观点和家庭的意义。
- Recognize family-centered practice as a key component of early-childhood education.
- 检查孩子的种植和发展的个体家庭系统。
- 认识到家庭的多样性。
学
知道
您对家庭的看法是什么?
What comes to your mind when you hear the wordfamily? Perhaps thoughts of individuals who have affected and shaped your life, or images of people coming together to celebrate holidays and other significant events; maybe smells of home-cooked food, memories of conversations or arguments you had with loved ones, feelings of love, joy, or sadness.
家庭是个人生命的核心。特别是当涉及幼儿时,家庭呈现严重影响儿童福祉和发展的关键作用。作为与幼儿合作的专业,您将欣赏和理解儿童家庭至关重要。本课程将熟悉您目前查看家庭的观点以及如何运作。这些信息将为您提供有用的背景,以更好地了解您的工作和与家庭的互动。
家庭的意思
家庭对你意味着什么?谁弥补了你的家人?你在一起做什么样的事情?你在家里玩什么职位?
每个家庭都不同,重要的是要对弥补家庭的原因来保持开放。每个人以自己的方式定义家庭。对于一些人来说,家庭可以代表那些生活在同一个家的人(在一个屋檐下)。对于其他人来说,家庭可能是父母和所有重要成年人,帮助照顾一个年轻的孩子,例如祖父母,阿姨,叔叔,邻居或最好的朋友。因为家庭是大多数孩子生命中的一致部分,因此家庭是关于您在护理中每个孩子的最重要信息来源之一。
The U.S. Census Bureau definesfamily作为一群由出生,婚姻或采用相关的两个或更多人,谁住在一起。全国幼儿教育协会表明“这个词”family可能包括那些成年人,除了父母,负责参与教育,培育和倡导儿童。“研究和与家庭一起学习和合作的研究人员family作为“将自己视为一个家庭的两个或两个以上的人,以及履行家庭通常表现的职能。这些人可能或可能与血液或婚姻有关,也可能与否或可能不会居住在一起“(Turnbull,Turnbull,Erwin,&Soodak,2006,第7页)。
在阅读这些定义时,有些东西会对您脱颖而出?您可能会注意到,就如何描述关系,第一个定义是非常具体的,而另外两个定义是更广泛的。作为与幼儿合作的专业工作,重要的是要承认自己的经验会影响您对家庭和家庭合作的看法。您将遇到将家庭定义不同于您的人,并且可以共享与您不同的行为的价值观,海关或行为代码。
Like individuals, families are varied. Family structures have become more diverse through shared custody, same-sex couple families, families where members have different immigration statuses, and when a parent has children with multiple partners. While these circumstances do not always bring challenges, research suggests that children whose family structures are complex may be more likely to experience negative consequences, such as less caregiving from a parent. Today, 40 percent of children are born to unmarried parents. Like the concept of ‘family,’ the concept of family well-being is also challenging to define. You may recognize family well-being when you see it in your program. Or you may recognize when families’ lack some aspect of family well-being. As you think about how best to engage with and support the families in your program, consider your role in strengthening families’ protective factors. The good news is that many of the behaviors that correspond to positive family functioning can be “taught and strengthened with education.” (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2019, p. 42).
How are Families Viewed Today? Introducing Family-Centered Practice
因为家庭是他们孩子的发展核心,所以他们是孩子们的教育中的合作伙伴,积极参与者和决策者。结果,一个family-centered focusis considered one of the indicators of quality in early-childhood education, programs, and services. At the heart of family-centered practice is the belief that families are the most important decision-makers in a child’s life. Therefore, professionals must respect, support, and enhance the strengths and unique characteristics of each family (Sandall, Hemmeter, Smith, & McLean, 2005).
以科为中心的练习也意味着您了解所有家庭成员都相互和儿童的重要效果。每个家庭成员都会影响另一个家庭功能的方式。所有家庭成员都是相互联系的。从我们的家人来看,我们学习使我们能够参与学校和工作场所的技能。
在考虑以家庭为中心的练习,您将儿童视为更大系统的一部分;你将家庭成员视为整体。您意识到和敏感于家庭内部发生的互动和关系,以及影响它们的外部互动和支持。为了保持关系并有效地工作,您学习,尊重和理解每个家庭及其支持系统的特征。您还可以考虑家庭的特点和压力,这可能影响他们参与家庭儿童护理家园。万博体育下载官方网站什么影响一个家庭成员可以影响所有家庭成员。一个家庭是一个系统,其中没有一个成员被隔离地观看。
在整个虚拟实验室学校中,我们将家庭中心的练习视为一种涵盖人民在您的计划中的信仰和行动的守则。考虑一下此表:
Beliefs |
行动s |
---|---|
家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者。 |
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家庭是独一无二的,他们的差异丰富了我们的计划。 |
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家庭是有弹性的。 |
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家庭是发展和学习的核心。狗万app怎么下载 |
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家庭是我们的合作伙伴。 |
|
努力理解孩子和他们families can create opportunities for you to better support the children in your care.
Honoring Diversity in Families
文化和多样性影响了发展婴儿期,学龄前,学龄和超越的所有年龄和阶段。万博体育全站app重要的是要识别并将孩子的文化纳入学习环境。狗万app怎么下载文化是指不同群体的共同经历和历史。文化差异可能包括家庭和社区观点,儿童期望,父母的角色以及教育的价值的差异。在生命的第一年发生一些非常重要的学习。狗万app怎么下载例如,婴儿和幼儿学习新词,与他人互动的方式,如何沟通,以及如何播放。万博&狗万app怎么下载#20307;育全站app学龄前儿童正在学习如何与同伴和成人进行互动,如何表达他们的情绪,以及如何表达独立性。在学龄龄阶段,孩子们学会了他们的背景,遗产和文化的大量优惠。他们的许多行为也受到文化的影响:他们可以独自待在家里的年龄,与朋友一起出去玩,以及与成年人的互动。
文化is a significant factor in the ways families raise their children and how you, as a caregiver, provide care for each individual child. Examine your own cultural experiences and consider how these experiences affect your practice with children and families. Each individual brings specific values, beliefs, and assumptions about child rearing and development to their work. In almost every type of routine you perform, your values about it were shaped by your childhood and training.
Cultural Differences
当您与儿童和家庭合作时,重要的是要识别您的价值观和信仰以及它们的传达方式。例如,父母可能希望他的孩子在南部使用安慰者,并且您希望孩子在幼儿阶段使用奶嘴。或者父母可能希望幼儿在您可能预期此行为约20个月大约3左右开始使用汤匙和叉子。
有时,您可能会觉得如何不确定如何关心一个孩子或如何聘请具有截然不同的经历和文化的家庭,包括那些讲一种不熟悉的语言或者有陌生的宗教习俗的人。您可以承认差异,并展示对家庭的兴趣,以建立关系,并学习为您提供支持提供支持的方法。例如,您可以了解家庭的份额和何时享用膳食,这是受文化的影响并影响发展。
当通过文化镜片观看差异时,尊重的对话可能导致如何在您的家中支持这些实践。
万博体 狗万app怎么下载946;下载官方网站家庭幼儿和其他学习设置提供了一个环境,其中成年人和儿童可以了解和荣誉价值观,信仰和看法的差异。狗万app怎么下载学习一个人的文化主要发生在家庭内;然而,在家庭育儿中,孩子万博体育下载官方网站们还了解文化和体验影响他们对他们是谁以及他们将成为谁的关系。
To help children develop, you must honor and celebrate the diversity of families. Diversity exists on a variety of dimensions:
- Composition (who is a member of the family)
- 种族和民族
- 语
- Socioeconomic status
- 性取向
- 能力或特殊需求
- Educational background
- 价值观和传统
- 儿童饲养实践
Family Beliefs
Being a responsive family child care provider also means that you avoid making assumptions about different groups of people and the ways they act or think. As much as it is important to acknowledge differences between various groups of people, it is also important to recognize differences之内团体。虽然来自特定地理区域或文化遗产的人可能存在通常共享的特征,价值和属性,但在同一组中,在同一组中,在做事方面仍然存在相当大的变化。
Also remember that families will differ in the way they approach parenting. Families may use parenting styles with which you aren’t familiar or you do not agree. Unless you feel that abuse or neglect is occurring, it is important to support each family in your care. If you are working with a family that uses a parenting style you are unfamiliar with, try to learn the characteristics of the style. Understanding how a child is cared for at home will help you to understand the child’s personality and behavior in your home.
与您的价值观和信仰不同于您自己的家庭的家庭可能会让您感到不安或不舒服。在与儿童和家庭的工作中拥抱多样性不会发生过夜。相反,它可能是一个漫长而经常混乱的过程,其中来自各种背景的人受到面对的挑战并理解不同的观点,接受不熟悉的事情,最终朝着共同的目标。重要的是要明白这是一种双向过程。以同样的方式,你可能偶尔会感到挑战或困惑,家庭可能会觉得一样。家庭和多样性领域的研究人员提醒我们,“挑战对提供商来说并不是那么多,以便放弃自己的信仰,以培养学习理解和尊重他人的习惯”(Harry,Rueda&Kalyanpur,1999)狗万app怎么下载。
School-age
学龄儿童在他们的文化遗产上提供了独特的视角,因为他们已经足够大了解文化之间的差异。作为家庭护万博体育下载官方网站理提供者,您可以通过允许年龄较大的孩子教导您及其对家庭传统和文化的同伴来利用这一点。但是,记住是家庭护理提供者意味着对儿童的偏好和需求敏感。万博体育下载官方网站学龄儿童希望适应同龄人并尽量减少差异并不少见。学龄儿童可能会尴尬地分享使他们与同龄人不同的传统或做法。尊重孩子的偏好,同时继续鼓励每个孩子探索和表达自己的文化。
See
Spend some time watching the video below and reflect on your families and the ways you honor and respect them. You can do this by listening to families’ experiences and concerns and by showing them that they are a valued and appreciated part of your family child care program.
在下一个视频中,您将从家庭幼儿提供者中听到他们描述他们如何履行家庭的多样性万博体育下载官方网站。
做
有很多方法可以表明您将孩子们的家人重视您家庭的儿童护理家庭。万博体育下载官方网站考虑以下准则,反映了以家庭为中心的实践(约翰逊,1990; Turnbull,Turbiville,Turnbull,2000)。然后考虑如何在您的儿童和家庭中使用这些指南。
- 将家庭视为儿童生命中的常量,并且照顾者和服务系统可能会出现。
- Facilitate collaboration between families and yourself as a child care professional.
- 鼓励家庭到家庭的支持和网络。
- 荣誉和尊重各个方面的家庭多样性(文化,种族,种族,语言,精神,社会经济,或在家庭成员的性取向方面)。去做这个:
- 向家庭询问他们的家庭语言,如果他们分享他们在家中使用的关键短语。
- Provide children’s books in the language each child in your care hears at home. Also try to provide information about your program, and/or pamphlets about parenting in the same language.
- 邀请家人访问您的程序来唱歌,讲故事和显示展示其文化的书籍或图片,并介绍特定的食物。
- 观察家庭如何与孩子互动。
- Ask families to create a family or neighborhood storybook.
- Meet regularly with families to learn about their hopes, dreams and goals for their child.
完成本课程
For more information on what to expect in this course, the Family Engagement Competency Reflection, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Family Child Care Family Engagement课程指南。
Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.
Explore
阅读并查看活动,Things to Consider, which outlines questions providers can ask themselves when considering assumptions and family-centered practice in their work. Answer the questions and then share your thoughts and responses with your trainer, coach, or family child care administrator.
您可以将您的答案与活动的最终部分中的建议答复进行比较。
申请
在本课程中,您被引入了以家庭为中心的练习。再次查看这些指南,并尝试提出您可以在家中显示这些指南的方式。写下你的想法,因为它们与每个指南相关。然后,与您的培训师,教练或家庭儿童保育管理员分享您的回复。万博体育下载官方网站最后,将您的答案与建议的回复进行比较。
词汇表
学期 | Description |
---|---|
文化 | 一组共享价值观,态度或实践,其特征是某些个人群体 |
以科素为本 | A set of beliefs and actions that influence how we engage families, at the heart of which is the belief that families are the most important decision-makers in a child’s life and that service systems and professionals must respect, support, and enhance the strengths and unique characteristics of each family |
Diversity | 在组织中包含不同类型的人 |
Parenting Style | Strategies, methods, and behaviors that parents use to raise their child |
Demonstrate
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DUnst,C.J.,Trivette,C. M.,&Hamby,D. W.(2008)。Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis of Family-Centered Practices.阿什维尔,NC:Winterberry Press。
Hanson, M. J., & Lynch, E. W. (2004).了解家庭:多样性,残疾和风险的方法。Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Hanson, M. J. (1998). Ethnic, Cultural, and Language Diversity in Intervention Settings. In E. W. Lynch & M. J. Hanson (Eds.),开发跨文化能力:与儿童及其家人合作的指南(pp. 3–22). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
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Harvard Family Research Project (2013). Family Involvement. Retrieved fromhttp://www.hfrp.org/family-involvement
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Poston, D., Turnbull, A., Park, J., Mannan, H., Marquis, J., & Wang, M. (2003). Family Quality of Life: A qualitative inquiry.Mental Retardation,41.(5),313-328。
Trivette,C. M.&Disunst,C. J.(2005)。DEC推荐的实践:基于家庭的实践。在S. Sandall,M.L. Hemmeter,B. J. Smith,&M. E. Mclean(EDS。),DEC推荐实践:实际应用的全面指南(第107-126页)。Longmont,CO:Sopris West。
Turnbull,A。P.,Turbiville,V.,&Turnbull,H. R.(2000)。家庭专业伙伴关系的演变:二十一世纪初为模型的集体赋权。在J.P. Shonkoff&S. J. Meisels(EDS。),Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention(第630-650页)。剑桥联英国:剑桥大学出版社。
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