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The Importance of Healthy Environments

你有没有去过一家餐馆，坐在粘滞的桌子上或发现你的叉子干食物？你曾经犹豫过在银行或杂货店拿起一支笔，因为你面前的人感冒了吗？你有没有把公共厕所座椅放在一起，以避免触摸它？你有没有留在酒店房间，让你想要避免触摸棉被或遥控器？

Most people have experienced some of these uncomfortable health-related situations. As adults, we can respond to such situations by avoiding certain restaurants or hotels or by washing our hands as soon as we leave the bank or restroom stall. We want to stay healthy, and we want to believe that our environments are reasonably clean. Children and their families have these same desires. Family child care homes must provide clean environments that help prevent the spread of communicable diseases. It is your responsibility to make sure children have a safe and healthy environment for play and learning.

Germs

细菌是传染病的原因。不幸的是，肉眼不能看到细菌，甚至知道它一般都在没有我们传播。由于：

• Direct contact：从另一个人的感染（例如，唾液，鼻粘液）触摸液体，通过环境物体传播，例如玩具或内阁手柄，或者人。它只需要一小滴流体以发生传输。
• 呼吸道：Spread via the mouth and nose through the air when someone sneezes or coughs.
• 血液感染：血液或有时可能含有血液的其他体液，进入另一个人的血流。
• 粪便 - 口头传输：通过手弄脏粪便，可能通过食物，表面或物体撒上一个人的嘴。手和表面可能看起来很干净，但仍然存在粪便细菌。

没有办法完全消除细菌的传播，特别是在儿童护理和教育中发生的所有游戏和材料分享。但有些方法可以减少儿童，提供者和家庭的细菌传播。除了遵循与您的计划建立的健康有关的政策外，您还必须遵守彻底的清洁和卫生要求，并遵循适当的洗手程序（在洗手间有更多的方式参见课程）。

清洁，消毒和消毒：有什么区别？

虽然我们经常使用清洁，消毒和互换的单词，但它们每个都有自己的意义。为了为儿童提供安全和健康的环境，您需要了解每个学期（美国儿科学院，美国公共卫生协会，育儿和早教和早期教育的国家资源中心的美国儿科学院，美国儿科和安全的国家资源中心之间的差异。这将有助于您了解哪些产品为每个目的设计。

1. Cleaning意味着从表面上移除污垢或碎屑，有时涉及擦洗或摩擦以除去碎片。例如，您将桌子喷洒一张水和洗涤剂，在饭后去除食物颗粒和碎片。

2. Sanitizingmeans to reduce germs on a surface. When yousanitizea surface, it meets most health regulations. Sanitizing products usually are not effective unless the surface has been cleaned first. After cleaning the table with detergent and water, you spray an approved mix of water and bleach to sanitize the table and kill germs.

3. 消毒意味着摧毁大多数细菌在一个表面上。消毒a surface is often necessary when it has made contact with body fluids. Disinfecting usually requires a stronger bleach-water mixture. You disinfect on non-porous surfaces, such as diaper-change tables, countertops, door and cabinet handles, and toilets and other bathroom surfaces.

请记住，儿童不应靠近表面，材料和玩具（包括桌子和洗手间区域），而曲面或物品正在消毒或消毒。吸入化学品，因为它们被施加，可能是危险的。还要记住，所有化学品都应该被锁定和流出儿童的范围。然而，孩子们可以适当地帮助清洁过程（例如，用餐时间后用肥皂和水清洁桌子）。

法律要求在环境保护署（EPA）中注册法律要求销售的任何产品，以确保他们使用的安全。在本课程结束时的参考部分，您可以从关怀的儿童找到信息：国家健康和安全性能标准，有关选择和使用消毒剂和消毒剂。当您清洁，消毒或消毒时，您应该遵循制造商的建议，以便将解决方案和制造商的消毒和消毒程序进行混合。通常，这意味着用手用肥皂或洗涤剂和水，消毒或消毒洗涤材料或表面，并允许物体干燥。如果它具有Sanitize设置或高温选项，您还可以使用洗碗机来消毒玩具或材料。

美国卫生和人力服务部（DHHS）和疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）建议，如果不可用ENPA批准的消毒剂，那么您应该使用新鲜的氯漂白剂溶液。DHHS和CDC提供以下准备和使用该消毒剂解决方案的指导方针：

• Add 1 tablespoon of bleach to 1 quart (4 cups) of water. For a larger supply of disinfectant, add ¼ cup of bleach to 1 gallon (16 cups) of water.
• 申请the solution to the surface with a cloth.
• 让它站在3到5分钟。
• Rinse the surface with clean water.

如果您选择使用漂白剂作为您的消毒剂形式，每天都应制作一批新鲜的氯漂白剂。所有漂白剂溶液在24小时后开始降解。

看

What do clean and healthy family child care environments look like? In these environments, cleanliness is a habit. Soiled or mouthed toys go into a labeled “soiled toy” bin for cleaning. Spray bottles are available for cleaning and sanitizing; soap mixtures and bleach mixtures are changed daily. While all behaviors demonstrated in the following videos are consistent with appropriate best practices, you may occasionally observe a practice that is not currently supported or encouraged in your area. Please discuss these situations with your coach, trainer, or family child care administrator and collectively decide about the relevance and impact of the practice. Watch the video below to see ways family child care providers maintain a clean and healthy environment.

保持健康的环境

标准和通用预防措施

Another way to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms (germs) that can cause infection is to practice standard or universal precautions. Standard precautions cover all situations where you may come into contact with body fluids. Universal precautions apply specifically to contact with blood and do not apply to contact with feces, nasal secretions, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, saliva, or vomit unless these body fluids also contain blood. In child care settings, standard precautions involve using barriers to prevent contact with body fluids from another person and cleaning and disinfecting contaminated surfaces. You can read more about standard precautions in the标准和通用预防措施as they Apply to Child Care Settingsfact sheet attached.

Barriers you might use to help prevent bodily fluid contact might include:

• 一次性尿布表纸
• 一次性毛巾
• 手套
• 塑料袋，牢固密封

You should always use disposable nonporous gloves when blood or body fluids containing blood may be involved. It is best to use a non latex brand of gloves, as some children in your care may be allergic to latex. Gloves are optional for diapering and contact with other bodily fluids described above, but check with your coach, trainer, family child care administrator, service guidelines or licensing agent for recommended times for using gloves. Gloves are not necessary for feeding human breast milk.

每当穿戴手套时，你应该练习良好的手工卫生。有关手套程序的更多信息，请参阅第两节课。

做

您的角色对于确保您的计划是一个干净而健康的环境，在孩子学习和茁壮成长。本节介绍您可以做些什么来保持家庭儿童护理家庭健康，并且应用部分提供更详细的时间表，以帮助支持健康的实践。万博体育下载官方网站

保持护理空间健康

玩具和材料

One toy can be used by many children every day. Toys can become homes for germs, especially if children put them in their mouths, cough or sneeze on them, or touch them after toileting. It is very important to regularly clean and sanitize the toys in your home. Here is how:

• Keep a box or bin labeled “soiled toys.” When a child mouths a toy or coughs or sneezes on it, place the toy in the bin. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, you can keep soapy water in the bin, or the bin can be a dry spot for storing toys until you can clean them. Make sure you have cleaned and sanitized the toy before returning it to the learning environment.
• 清洁活动空间，装扮衣服，以及至少每周收割机可清洗的布料玩具。
• 每天清洁帽子。
• Clean mouthed toys after each use and sanitize them before returning them to the play area.
• You can put plastic toys in the dishwasher to clean and sanitize them.

厨房和其他程序表面

您家庭的许多表面都在家庭中，家庭可能提供多种万博体育下载官方网站用途。也许你在后来用于拼图的桌子上为小吃，或者孩子使用同样的水槽在使用洗手间或艺术之后洗手。按计划清洁，消毒和消毒表面可以帮助您保持健康的环境。以下是您环境中的曲面指南：

• 每次使用后清洁和消毒计算机键盘。
• Clean and disinfect doorknobs and handles daily.
• Clean and sanitize food-preparation surfaces before and after each use.
• Clean and sanitize dishes after each use.
• Clean and sanitize food tables and trays before and after each use.
• 每次使用后清洁台面并每天消毒。
• Clean the refrigerator monthly.
• Clean the floors daily.
• Clean phone receivers daily.
• 每天真空地毯。

因为昆虫和啮齿动物甚至可以茁壮成长在小crumbs that you may neglect to clean up and dispose of properly, it is important to have a daily routine that prevents any possibility of infestation. Remember to:

• 立即清理溢出的食物。
• Store non-perishable food in thick plastic or metal containers with tight lids.
• After use, store pet food in rodent-proof containers and never leave pet food out overnight.
• Dispose of indoor trash and garbage daily.
• Wash indoor trash containers frequently with soap and water.

Toileting Areas

The restroom is the location where germs and bacteria are most likely to spread. It is very important to keep toileting areas clean. These guidelines will help you limit contamination:

• 每次使用后清洁和消毒任何变化的表面。
• Clean and disinfect sinks and faucets daily. If the sink is also used for non-toileting routines, disinfect it after toileting use.
• Clean and disinfect countertops daily.
• Clean and disinfect floors daily.

Cribs, Cots and Bedding

It is important to provide a healthy environment for sleep. Lice and skin infections can be spread through blankets or bedding that are stored and cleaned improperly. Follow these guidelines for healthy sleep environments:

• 将每个儿童的床上用品（床单，毯子，枕头，睡袋）分开，与其他儿童的床上用品分开。
• 每周洗涤床单和枕套或在另一个孩子使用之前。
• 每周清洁婴儿床和婴儿床或在另一个孩子使用之前。
• 每月洗毛毯。如果毯子触动孩子的皮肤，请干净每周。

Coats, Hats and Personal Belongings

虱子和皮肤感染也可以通过储存和清洁的外套，夹克，帽子和个人物品来涂抹。遵循这些建议维护健康环境：

• 与其他儿童的物品分开地存储每个孩子的物品（特别是衣帽，帽子和夹克可能与头发接触）。
• 在另一个孩子使用之前清理小型空间或储物柜空间。

如果您的程序使用池或提供水剧或其他儿童衣服可以潮湿甚至潮湿的其他体验，记得鼓励孩子挂起衣服晾干，并将他们送回家每天洗钱。模具和真菌可以在潮湿的狭窄表面上容易地生长。

为了帮助您思考您在维护干净的家庭护理家庭中的角色，请注意以下视频，总结了本课程中涵盖的信息，了解您的环境健康。万博体育下载官方网站

Cleaning, Sanitizing, and Disinfecting

完成本课程

有关本课程中的预期，健康环境的更多信息能力反思, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Family Child Care Healthy Environments课程指南。

Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.