知道

在你的家庭儿童保万博体育下载官方网站健计划,一些孩子ay still wear diapers, some children may just be learning to use the toilet, and others may have already mastered toileting. Family child care providers must know how to safely change a child’s diaper, how to patiently and respectfully help a young child learn how to use the toilet, and how to respond sensitively to toileting accidents. Children are fascinated by their bodies and all the things their bodies can do. They may also be fascinated—and sometimes fearful—of the restrooms they use every day. They approach the restroom the same way they learn about other things: by exploring. They might love to flush the toilets, turn faucets on and off, watch toilet paper unroll, and explore the sounds their voices make in the restroom. Unfortunately, all of this learning can come at a price. Restrooms are full of bacteria and as a caregiver, you must be prepared to promote learning and healthy hygiene.

在您的育儿计划中保持洗手间和变化的区域是至关重要的。尿布和厕所是污染的主要来源。不卫生的做法可以让你和儿童有疾病和感染的风险。本课程将重点关注维护卫生尿布和厕所实践以及帮助遇到事故的儿童的程序。

在某些时候，您可能会帮助一个小孩学习如何使用厕所。厕所事故是许多儿童“便盆训练”过程的典型部分，因为它可能需要时间适当地识别并响应其身体中的信号。预防事故的最佳方法是维持定期的厕所惯例，并仔细观察孩子需要使用洗手间的迹象。抱着生殖器面积，蠕动或移动不舒服可能都意味着孩子需要使用洗手间。

You should diaper young children or encourage them to try using the restroom at least every two hours. For toilet-trained children, be sure to remind them to use the restroom before you go outside, go on a field trip, or begin any new activity that involves leaving your family child care home. These are also important times to diaper children who are not yet toilet trained.

尿布程序

尿布和厕所程序旨在减少表面的污染，包括手，设备，材料和地板。批准的程序后，将有助于消除表面的污染和再污染。

Diapering procedures involve many steps; each is important and must be followed to reduce the risk of contamination. For cloth diapers, be sure to follow your licensing agency or Service specific guidelines. The following Diapering Procedure, recommended by照顾我们的孩子(2015), depicts eight steps, each step consisting of several tasks. As always, adhere to your Service’s diapering procedures.

有关使用布尿布的更多信息，请参阅处理布尿布本课学习活动部分的资源。

洗手和尿布

在尿布期间，适当的洗手程序是必不可少的。在尿布过程中完成洗手的顺序对于环境不受污染至关重要。成年人有两次必须在尿布期间洗手。成年人必须先在收集尿布用品之前先洗手，并且在他们将清洁和消毒解决方案放开后再次收集尿布耗材（见上述尿布程序图表上的步骤1和步骤8）。孩子们必须洗手或者在洁净的尿布上洗手或者他们的手洗它们，它们完全穿好衣服（步骤6的程序）。

阅读如何完成适当的尿布程序比实际改变尿布更容易！无论这是您对尿布的初步培训还是改变了500次尿布，重要的是审查每一步，以评估您是否仍然正确进行程序。

厕所程序

与尿布一样厕所，具有必须遵循的程序，以减少细菌的传播。随着幼儿正在学习自助技能并参与他们的厕所常规，厕所有额外的健康考虑因素。狗万app怎么下载下面的DO部分概述了一些普遍的卫生实践，以记住厕所。

此外，婴儿和幼儿可能会淹没在厕所碗中;他们可以在洗手间玩耍和探索，接触受污染的物品或表面或其他伤害自己。出于这个原因，婴儿和幼儿应该始终通过视觉和声音在洗手间监督。

Help Children with Self-Care and Hygiene

当你照看小孩子的时候’小s如厕，不管他们是还在学习还是已经掌握了如厕的训练，都是如此’确保他们以最卫生的方式完成如厕程序是很重要的。例如狗万app怎么下载，教女孩从前到后擦拭，这样她们就可以把可能引起泌尿系统感染的病菌远离阴道。你可能还需要帮助幼儿衡量卫生纸的数量，他们需要充分覆盖他们的手和擦拭自己，但也不堵塞厕所。此外，尽管你会帮助幼儿独立地擦屁股，但在如厕的早期阶段，你可能需要提供擦屁股的帮助，以确保儿童安全’它的底部没有粪便。请记住戴上手套以帮助完成此过程，并遵循下面的手套程序大纲。最重要的是，确保所有孩子在使用洗手间后都遵循适当的洗手程序（见第二课）。

正在学习如何使用厕所或刚刚掌握如厕训练的幼儿可狗万app怎么下载能仍然需要如厕和穿衣方面的帮助— 如果他们刚刚在洗手间出了事故，这一点尤其正确。意外事故会让孩子们难堪。帮助孩子打扫卫生，穿好衣服，安全地回到学习环境中是很重要的。在清理过程中，你还必须努力防止细菌和污染物的传播。适当的卫生对你和你项目中的孩子都很重要。许多疾病可以通过粪便传播。

当事故发生时，准备自己帮助孩子清理和改变衣服。改变孩子的空间很重要。您必须肯定会保持更改的空间，孩子和自己清洁。按着这些次序：

1. 洗你的手。
2. 带上物资。您将需要干净的衣服，抹布，塑料袋，纸衬里为孩子站立或躺在，湿布或纸巾和一次性手套。
3. 请遵循中所述的步骤照顾我们的孩子（2015）。这些程序在附件中提供改变脏衣服in the Apply section.

考虑以下内容的情况，考虑以下方案。你会做些什么来解决这种情况？

您应该执行以下操作：

Make sure all children are safe and block off the soiled area. Wash your hands and gather supplies. Ask the child who had the accident to go into the restroom area while you gather supplies. Put on gloves and follow changing procedures (see Apply section of this lesson) to help the child remove soiled clothing and clean herself. Put soiled clothing in a sealed plastic bag to be sent home. Clean your hands and the child’s hands with fresh disposable wipes. Help the child get dressed in clean clothing. Wash your hands and make sure the child washes her hands thoroughly. Then let her return to play in a supervised area. Clean and disinfect the changing area. Wash your hands. Clean and disinfect the soiled area of your family child care program. Wash your hands again.

提供库存和可访问的供应

在你需要的时候备齐所有必要的物品对安全和健康都是至关重要的。你不知道’我可不想在一次换尿布的过程中，或是在一次事故后帮助孩子清理时发现有人用了最后一副手套。同样，你也不知道’我不想教一个蹒跚学步的孩子如何洗手，却发现肥皂盒是空的。在一天开始的时候检查所有的物品是否都有充足的库存，这有助于确保你有足够的时间什么你需要什么时候你需要它。

手套程序

Gloves, though recommended and required by many programs, do not automatically protect children and adults from exposure to germs. Adults often feel a false sense of protection when they wear gloves. Wearing gloves does not merely involve protecting your hands. Germs that touch a glove can be spread to the next surface the glove touches.

以下步骤，从照顾我们的孩子（2015），说明了手套的正确一般用途，无论您是否在尿布惯例期间用伤害或使用它们。在这一点尿布程序上图，请参见步骤1，何时在尿布过程中放置​​手套和步骤4，何时处理手套。

请记住，戴手套不会取代洗手！

厕所培训

大多数孩子开始上厕所或上厕所的训练，许多人会掌握它，在幼儿时期。重要的是要花一些时间来考虑潜在的障碍，如厕训练和每个孩子’中国独特的发展和形势。考虑这些障碍将有助于您确定孩子、家人和护理人员开始如厕培训过程的时机是否合适。

Barriers to Potty Training

• 孩子们还没准备好。有时幼儿在他们的机构准备好之前被推入便盆训练。帮助一个没有准备学会使用便盆的孩子是不是不可能的，但它绝对是挑战。
• 家庭还没准备好。对于愿意做出承诺的家庭，他们必须准备帮助孩子在家里有便盆训练，带来所有所需的供应，并与您一起工作，所以孩子的加固趋势一致。过渡到使用厕所可能涉及家庭情绪放松宝宝，并拥抱孩子成为学龄前儿童。万博体育全站app这可能是一些家庭通过的过程;事实上，他们甚至可能都不知道他们对这个过程感到矛盾。
• 文化期望各不相同。在美国主流文化持有the expectation that children will be potty trained by their third year. This is generally thought to be the age of 2 years for girls and the age of 2½ years for boys. Other cultures may believe that children should be potty trained within an earlier or later time frame. As with all decisions, you should consult with families to understand their expectations.
• 时机是一个因素。A child may be physically but not emotionally ready for potty training. Perhaps a sibling has newly arrived, a parent is deployed, the family has moved, or other family changes make potty training an additional stressor rather than a welcome task. It is best in these circumstances to delay potty training until the child or family has made it through most of the emotional upheaval in the transition.

儿童准备迹象

孩子：

• Has understanding of the concept of cause and effect
• 有能力沟通，包括手语 - 他或她可以使用单词或手势来表示需要使用厕所
• Can remain dry for at least two hours at a time during the day or is dry at naptime
• 常规和可预测的时间表有排便
• 可以遵循简单的方向
• 能坐在马桶上，能感觉和理解被淘汰的感觉
• 显示湿润或污染尿布的不适
• 表现出一些兴趣进入便盆和更自主
• 能够拉下和拉起自己的裤子

对具有特殊需求的儿童准备

当儿童有发育迟缓或残疾时，他们可能比一般发育中的儿童晚上厕所训练。你应该和孩子一起工作’家庭和其他资源，如干预专家，以确保最具包容性的做法，当涉及到便盆训练策略，时间和准备因素。有关为有特殊需要的儿童提供的包容性实践和如厕培训的更多信息，请访问：https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/pages/toilet-training-children-with-special-needs.aspx.

文件的重要性

Recording when young children, especially infants and toddlers are diapered or when they use the bathroom is important information to both you and their families. Changes in these bodily functions of babies can be an indication that something is wrong and needs to be addressed. For toddlers, documentation can help you identify patterns that can assist with potty training. It is important to document diapering and toileting records immediately for each child, after you’ve washed your hands. If you put off documentation, something will likely come up and you will have to rely on your memory rather than having recorded it accurately.

尿布和厕所是学习的时间狗万app怎么下载

尿布和如厕是一个机会，参与培养互动，支持所有领域的发展；这不仅仅是照顾一个孩子’他身体上的需要。在尿布和如厕时，幼儿：

• 学习正规学校所需的自助技能。
• 在常规护理期间通过听力和言语，通过与您倾听（共同欺骗，唠叨，说话）来获得语言和沟通技巧。
• 当他们有用时，培养能力感。
• 练习小型和大肌肉技能，包括抓住裤子，向下推动并在厕所期间抬起并抬起腿部，并在尿布期间返回坐姿。
• Develop their emotional attachment to you, which helps them feel secure and supports their development and learning.

看到了吗

观看这个尿布的例子，并注意到遵循安全程序以及照顾者如何利用一对一的经验来加深与孩子的关系，并提供语言和学习机会。狗万app怎么下载

Proper Hygiene While Diapering

观看这些提供商描述了如何在厕所事故后帮助孩子。

发生意外后的孩子

做

厕所的一般卫生程序

There are many ways to maintain a healthy environment throughout your family child care program. The restroom is an important place to start. Follow these steps to create healthy habits for yourself and the children in your care:

• 定期检查洗手间，以确保厕所刷新。
• Check to make sure floors, doors, and walls are clean.
• 确保纸巾和其他垃圾正确抛弃。
• Make sure running water, soap, paper towels, plastic bags for soiled clothing, and toilet paper are available.
• Make sure you put disposable gloves on before handling soiled clothing or diapers. Remove gloves before handling clean clothing and diapers.
• If possible, use a separate sink for general use versus handwashing after toileting. If you must use the same sink, disinfect it before using it for general or food-related use.
• 在帮助儿童使用厕所后，请务必洗手，协助弄脏的衣服，或触摸受污染的表面。即使你戴一次性手套，你也必须洗手。
• 确保所有的孩子和成年人都适当地洗手。

In addition, when it comes to diapering and toileting, always do the following:

• 遵循正确的尿布和厕所程序。
• 确保所有尿布和厕所供应均可储蓄良好，可供选择。
• 涉及幼儿在尿布和厕所过程中（例如，他们可能能够帮助拔下裤子或保持尿布）;这是你一起做的事情，而不是对他们所做的事情。
• 使用描述性语言来解释尿布和厕所期间发生的事情。