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Play and Developmentally Appropriate Materials

Children learn through play. Your program setting should be designed to optimize play with a variety of colorful, safe, and highly interesting materials. These materials should be of sufficient quantity for the number of children you care for.

Children’s understanding of the world is guided by warm, responsive adults. Your awareness of each child’s developmental level and individual interests and goals will promote optimal growth and development. The variety of materials you choose for your family child care setting is guided by the children you serve and their individual development.

发育合适的材料是符合开发儿童阶段的材料，但仍允许儿童技能，兴趣和特征之间的差异。您在家中提供的材料是符合您所关心的儿童的发育学习需求的材料。狗万app怎么下载您对儿童发展阶段的了解将有助于您思考所提供的内容，这是适合每个孩子的发展和增长。

You may be caring for a toddler who is learning to sort objects (e.g., place all the plastic toy animals in one basket and all the pictures of animals in another basket), while at the same time you may care for a preschool-age child learning to sort the cards by types of animals (e.g., place all the pictures of farm animals in one basket and all the pictures of zoo animals in the other basket). A school-age child may be sorting pictures of different types of birds based on their natural habitat (e.g., place pictures of the birds in the part of the country they live in). These children are learning about the characteristics of animals using the same material, but they can approach the sorting task with different levels of complexity. Each child uses the animal picture cards, but sorts them based on their developmental level; from a simple to more complex understanding.

选择材料的关键考虑因素

孩子们每天应该拥有丰富的时间来探索材料（每天至少一小时）。这次应该安排，以便孩子们可以拥有大量的时间来参与开放式游戏。所有年龄段的儿童（包括学龄儿童）学习书籍，艺术材料，音乐，戏剧性游戏，沙子和水，块，玩具和游戏，烹饪，技术和户外活动。您选择的材料可以参与小组或个人游戏的儿童，并促进解决问题的技巧。

大多数材料应该是开放的，以便孩子们可以借鉴他们的创造力和想象力。儿童应该随意以各种方式使用这些材料。材料可以加强其发展水平，诱使他们达到新的水平，并帮助他们探索新的利益。

Materials can be a combination of toys and “real objects” that are sized appropriately for children’s use:

• 幼儿喜欢使用一把木勺在倒塑料碗里发出噪音。
• The outdoor sandbox may contain old kitchen pans, big spoons, and buckets that can be filled with sand.
• A parent may donate a used musical instrument (e.g., a recorder) that preschool and school-age children enjoy playing.

通过观察和与儿童进行对话，您将了解他们的兴趣。要保持组织，请保留所有材料的库存（您可能希望将其保留在您的计算机或电子表格中，您可以轻松地添加新材料或删除项目）。

作者的作者万博体育下载官方网站家庭儿童保育环境评级规模提供有关家庭育房环境中儿童的材料类型和数量的指导方针。万博体育下载官方网站本课程的学习部分讲义，Suggested Materials for Development and Learning（下面）描述家庭儿童护理环境需要的材料类型和数量 - 为什么他们对儿童的发展和增长很重要。万博体育下载官方网站

在选择和呈现儿童的学习资料时，请记住这些关键的想法：狗万app怎么下载

• Materials should match the different age levels and skill levels of the children
• 材料应每月旋转
• Materials should be accessible (i.e., children don’t have to ask you to get or open materials)

屏幕使用和媒体

Decisions about when, where, and what amount of time you will allow children to use smart phones, TV, computer or electronic tablets should be made and explained to parents. You will want to minimize the amount of time that young children use screens. As a role model, you will also have to limit your use of these devices when caring for children in your home. It is easy to become distracted and spend long times engaged with electronic and social media. There are guidelines you can follow (see the American Academy Pediatrics:https://healthychildren.org/english/news/pages/aap-announces-new-recommendations-for-childrens-media-use.aspx.，零到三：https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/2536-houg-thillren-ged-0-3-years-old.andhttps://www.zerotothree.org/resources/2534-screen-sense-executive-summary, National Association for the Education of Young Children:https://www.naeyc.org/resources/topics/technology-and-media, National Institutes of Health:https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000355.htm和国家后学会协会：https://naaweb.org/professional-development/Item/497-tips-to-thare-with-families-practical-advice-for-raising-kids-in-the-digital_adi)确定适当的技术的使用y for the different ages of children served in your family child care home.

安全材料

Children’s safety is always your primary concern. You should make sure the materials you provide are safe. All materials should be checked for choking hazards (such as small parts) and toxicity (particularly plants and art supplies). Make sure you supervise materials that could be difficult developmentally for young children.

定位材料

Some family child care providers find it helpful to belong to a local child care group or network where providers can swap materials for a period of time. You may want to talk with your trainer, coach or family child care administrator to see if there are any family child care provider groups that meet in your area. In many areas, the local library allows families and providers to check out toys, books, games, discovery kits, puppets, and other materials. There are sites and books that depict how to create materials using recycled items, scrap materials, or loose parts.

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Representing Diversity

Talking with children’s families may give you more information about choosing culturally relevant books, toys, and music that include a child’s home language and cultural practices. Each child and family is unique, so it is important not to assume that all families from a particular cultural heritage engage in the same cultural practices or speak the same languages in their homes. During warm, respectful conversations with parents, you may inquire about how they would like to see their child’s cultural practices, celebrations, and home language supported in your family child care setting.

应选择娃娃，照片，海报和书籍，以描述儿童在您的照顾中的文化，语言和能力。如果您只为儿童提供来自同一个种族和文化背景，那么反映您提供的书籍，照片和玩具中的不同个人和文化仍然很重要。

作为家庭幼儿保养提供者观看以下视频描述如何选择反映各种文化和能万博体育下载官方网站力的材料。

Materials That Reflect Diversity

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In this lesson, you learned the importance of providing a variety of developmentally, individually, and culturally appropriate materials that enhance children’s learning and development. You learned that open-ended materials that allow a variety of uses across various age levels are ideal in family child care settings where providers care for children of mixed ages together. Creating an organization plan is an important part of gathering, presenting, and storing materials for your family child care home.