知道

学龄前是万博体育全站app似乎持续运动的时间。万博体育全站app学龄前儿童忙着在室内和户外的环境中搬进他们的环境。他们花了很多时间跑步，攀爬，跳跃和互相追逐;他们涂鸦，油漆，构建，倾倒，用剪刀切割，将拼图放在一起，串珠。他们的运动技能从他们是幼儿的时间非常精致;他们比幼儿更协调，更具目的的行为。他们展示了速度和力量，它们变得越来越独立。

Physical Growth and Appearance

在学龄前，儿童身高，体万博体育全站app重和肌肉间距稳步增加。与幼儿相比，学龄前儿童更长而瘦。万博体育全站app他们的腿和躯干继续生长，他们的头部与他们的身体成比例地不那么大。As preschoolers’ bodies develop over time, the areas in their brains that control movement continue to mature, thus enabling them to perform gross-motor skills such as running, jumping, throwing, climbing, kicking, skipping, and fine-motor skills such as stringing beads, drawing, and cutting with scissors.

Milestones

让我们来看看学龄前儿童的身体发展万博体育全站apppment. Read the chart below for a closer look at what preschoolers can do with their bodies. Keep in mind that each child is unique and that individual differences exist in regard to the precise age at which children meet these milestones. Milestones should not be seen as rigid checklists by which to judge or evaluate children’s development. Rather, as highlighted in the Cognitive Development course, milestones provide a guide for when to expect certain skills or behaviors to emerge in young children based on cognitive development, gross-motor development, fine-motor development, hearing, speech, vision, and social-emotional development. Think of milestones as guidelines to help you understand and identify typical patterns of development in children and to help you know when and what to look for as children mature. Like a family’s pediatrician, family child care providers should be knowledgeable about children’s developmental milestones. You can use your knowledge of these milestones to meet children’s needs in your program. Even though the skills highlighted in the chart develop in a predictable sequence over the preschool years, each child is unique. Your goal is to help全部孩子们成长并学会他们的潜力。

对物理增长的影响

物理增长和发展不仅仅是变得更高，更强大或更大。它涉及身体大小，组成和比例的一系列变化。生物和环境因素也会影响物理增长和发展。在本节中，我们将研究影响幼儿体育生长的因素。

• 大脑发育：尽管幼儿园的运动能力因物理增长和发展而出现，但许多新的运动技能也万博体育全站app是脑增长的结果。换句话说，运动涉及简单地使用胳膊或腿。想想一位前后踢球的学龄前儿童万博体育全站app与同伴或照顾者来回踢球。Being able to do this task can be attributed not only to skill mastery and development, but also to the brain’s ability to organize visual and auditory messages that guide a child to help make decisions, such as adjusting movement, deciding how hard or soft to kick the ball, waiting if needed and kicking the ball back accordingly. As a family child care provider, you can enhance children’s brain development by engaging children in meaningful interactions that enable them to form connections with their environment and create understanding about how things work, how things are done, how to treat others, how to deal with emotions, and how to go about their daily lives. Ultimately, in doing so, you help children improve existing skills and acquire new ones.
• 遗传：遗传继承在儿童的身体增长中起着重要作用。然而，重要的是要承认，即使基因影响儿童的发展，就像遗传与环境之间相互作用的结果一样，身体增长就像发展一样。考虑你在创造富有刺激的环境方面的角色，促进儿童最佳的身体发展。
• Nutrition：为了达到最佳的身体增长和发展，特别是在他们的大脑和尸体发展如此迅速的时候，幼儿需要健康，平衡的饮食，提供维生素，矿物质和其他营养素。作为家庭幼万博体育下载官方网站儿提供者，您可以作为儿童的榜样，通过促进这些健康的习惯。
• Cultural differences：尽管儿童发展普遍模式，但有变化，如儿童如何发展运动技能。儿童环境，原产地，特殊的生活情况会影响他们如何发展和掌握运动技能。始终尊重和敏感，对儿童的背景和事先经验。您的目标是帮助每个孩子达到全面潜力。

看

在学前班期间，您将看到万博体育全站app儿童运动技能的重大发展。观看这段视频，了解学龄前儿童在体育增长中的里程碑。万博体育全站app

学龄前的体育发展万博体育全站app

做

Understanding developmental milestones is an important part of working with young children. Learning about and understanding how preschoolers use their bodies will help you know how to support them in developing their motor skills and will also help you decide what kinds of learning experiences to plan. Keep in mind that each child is different and that you may have to adapt routines and activities to meet children’s unique needs. Consider the following:

• 有意义的计划：In your daily interactions with the children in your care, you can purposefully plan activities that will enable you to gauge how children are developing and refining their motor skills. For example, you can observe how children move around during free play, how they follow directions as you lead them through activities, or how they manipulate objects in their hands as you play with them. You should use this valuable observational information to plan activities that promote further development in children or to adapt activities to meet the particular learning needs of individual children.
• 对个体儿童的需求敏感：As you engage in these observations, remember that each child is different and that sometimes children may not reach milestones as expected. If you are unsure about a child’s development, talk to your trainer, coach or family child care administrator. If you are concerned about a child’s development, talk with the child’s family. As a family child care provider, your input can support the child greatly as you help the family find any additional support they may need. You should share information with all families about typical child development and let them know you are available to talk.
• 响应家庭的需求和偏好：如果一个家庭接近您并股份对孩子的发展担忧，鼓励他们与孩子的医疗保健提供者交谈。医疗保健提供者可以执行发育筛选，并可能将孩子推荐给专家。3岁以上的儿童家庭可以联系他们当地的公立学区。大多数学区可以安排自由发展筛查，以了解有关孩子的整体发展的更多信息。