Know

学龄前是万博体育全站app似乎持续运动的时间。万博体育全站app学龄前儿童忙着在室内和户外的环境中搬进他们的环境。他们花了很多时间跑步，攀爬，跳跃和互相追逐;他们涂鸦，油漆，构建，倾倒，用剪刀切割，将拼图放在一起，串珠。他们的运动技能从他们是幼儿的时间非常精致;他们比幼儿更协调，更具目的的行为。他们展示了速度和力量，它们变得越来越独立。

Physical Growth and Appearance

During the preschool years, there is a steady increase in children’s height, weight, and muscle tone. Compared with toddlers, preschoolers are longer and leaner. Their legs and trunks continue to grow, and their heads are not so large in proportion to their bodies. As preschoolers’ bodies develop over time, the areas in their brains that control movement continue to mature, thus enabling them to perform gross-motor skills such as running, jumping, throwing, climbing, kicking, skipping, and fine-motor skills such as stringing beads, drawing, and cutting with scissors.

Milestones

让我们来看看学龄前儿童的身体发展万博体育全站apppment. Read the chart below for a closer look at what preschoolers can do with their bodies. Keep in mind that each child is unique and that individual differences exist in regard to the precise age at which children meet these milestones. Milestones should not be seen as rigid checklists by which to judge or evaluate children’s development. Rather, as highlighted in the Cognitive Development course, milestones provide a guide for when to expect certain skills or behaviors to emerge in young children based on cognitive development, gross-motor development, fine-motor development, hearing, speech, vision, and social-emotional development. Think of milestones as guidelines to help you understand and identify typical patterns of development in children and to help you know when and what to look for as children mature. Like a family’s pediatrician, family child care providers should be knowledgeable about children’s developmental milestones. You can use your knowledge of these milestones to meet children’s needs in your program. Even though the skills highlighted in the chart develop in a predictable sequence over the preschool years, each child is unique. Your goal is to helpall孩子们成长并学会他们的潜力。

对物理增长的影响

物理增长和发展不仅仅是变得更高，更强大或更大。它涉及身体大小，组成和比例的一系列变化。生物和环境因素也会影响物理增长和发展。在本节中，我们将研究影响幼儿体育生长的因素。

• 大脑发育:即使在幼儿园出现运动能力万博体育全站appas a result of physical growth and development, many new motor skills are also the result of brain growth. In other words, movement involves more than simply using arms or legs. Think about a preschooler kicking a ball back and forth with a peer or caregiver. Being able to do this task can be attributed not only to skill mastery and development, but also to the brain’s ability to organize visual and auditory messages that guide a child to help make decisions, such as adjusting movement, deciding how hard or soft to kick the ball, waiting if needed and kicking the ball back accordingly. As a family child care provider, you can enhance children’s brain development by engaging children in meaningful interactions that enable them to form connections with their environment and create understanding about how things work, how things are done, how to treat others, how to deal with emotions, and how to go about their daily lives. Ultimately, in doing so, you help children improve existing skills and acquire new ones.
• Heredity：Genetic inheritance plays a significant part in children’s physical growth. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that even though genes influence children’s development, physical growth, like other aspects of development, happens as the result of the interplay between heredity and the environment. Think about your role in creating rich and stimulating environments that foster children’s optimal physical development.
• Nutrition：为了达到最佳的身体增长和发展，特别是在他们的大脑和尸体发展如此迅速的时候，幼儿需要健康，平衡的饮食，提供维生素，矿物质和其他营养素。作为家庭幼万博体育下载官方网站儿提供者，您可以作为儿童的榜样，通过促进这些健康的习惯。
• Cultural differences：尽管儿童发展普遍模式，但有变化，如儿童如何发展运动技能。儿童环境，原产地，特殊的生活情况会影响他们如何发展和掌握运动技能。始终尊重和敏感，对儿童的背景和事先经验。您的目标是帮助每个孩子达到全面潜力。

看到

During the preschool years, you will see significant development in children’s motor skills. Watch this video to learn about milestones in physical growth during the preschool years.

学龄前的体育发展万博体育全站app

Do

Understanding developmental milestones is an important part of working with young children. Learning about and understanding how preschoolers use their bodies will help you know how to support them in developing their motor skills and will also help you decide what kinds of learning experiences to plan. Keep in mind that each child is different and that you may have to adapt routines and activities to meet children’s unique needs. Consider the following:

• Plan meaningfully:In your daily interactions with the children in your care, you can purposefully plan activities that will enable you to gauge how children are developing and refining their motor skills. For example, you can observe how children move around during free play, how they follow directions as you lead them through activities, or how they manipulate objects in their hands as you play with them. You should use this valuable observational information to plan activities that promote further development in children or to adapt activities to meet the particular learning needs of individual children.
• Be sensitive to individual children’s needs:As you engage in these observations, remember that each child is different and that sometimes children may not reach milestones as expected. If you are unsure about a child’s development, talk to your trainer, coach or family child care administrator. If you are concerned about a child’s development, talk with the child’s family. As a family child care provider, your input can support the child greatly as you help the family find any additional support they may need. You should share information with all families about typical child development and let them know you are available to talk.
• 响应家庭的需求和偏好：If a family approaches you and shares concerns about their child’s development, encourage them to talk to their child’s health-care provider. A health-care provider can perform a developmental screening and possibly refer the child to a specialist. Families of children over age 3 may contact their local public school district. Most school districts can arrange a free developmental screening to learn more about the child’s overall development.