Know

发展我们变得的因素是无穷无尽的。我们的家庭传统，文化信仰，海关，环境，地理位置和经济状况是一些主要因素，这些主要因素在我们作为个人发展中发挥作用。重要的是要记住，所有孩子都是具有各种背景，家庭信仰和生活经历的个人。

Children in your family child care program need daily opportunities in a safe and supportive environment to participate in experiences and activities that allow them to explore and celebrate the person they are growing to be. As you meaningfully engage children in this process of self-discovery and identity, you should provide them with ongoing, multiple opportunities to explore their interests, interact with exciting materials, try out new things, and learn. You may already have an “All About Me” or “My Family” corner in your family child care, and you may make time in your program to explore diversity, children’s interests, or unique talents. You should embed such opportunities for promoting a healthy sense of self and identity throughout every day in your program.

Experiences and Activities that Promote Children’s Sense of Self

Consider the following as ways to continue to help the children in your care feel important, understood, confident and successful. Also, take time to review the article, Supportive Care for Infants and Toddlers with Special Health Needs athttp://www.spiritlakeconsulting.com/slc/sharedfiles/library/books/naeyc_health.pdf.。

Embracing Diversity

要了解反偏见教育，反思反偏见计划或环境如何帮助孩子和其他人学会看到自己可能会有所帮助。用Louise Derman-Sparks（2010）的话语，“在反偏见课堂上，孩子们学会为自己和家人感到骄傲，尊重人类的差异，认识到偏见，并讲述什么是正确的。”这些是结果，大多数教育工作者都同意是重要的，但它需要大量的意向性来使他们成为现实。反偏见的教育者在偏见的微妙方式嵌入系统和经验时，每天都在思考。他们注意到媒体信息，计划材料的选择以及对儿童的自我发展的反应的影响。他们计划围绕反偏见教育的四个主要目标（Derman-Sparks＆Edwards，2010）计划经验：

1. Each child will demonstrate self-awareness, confidence, family pride, and positive social identities.这是反偏见教育的基础，必须在其他目标之前解决。计划通过确保（a）所有家庭和家庭结构在计划中可见并尊重，（b）儿童在材料和课程中看到自己，（c）儿童有经验让他们探索种族，文化，语言和经济差异。
2. Each child will express comfort and joy with human diversity, accurate language for human differences, and deep, caring human connections.通过在每个孩子的环境，计划和最终社区内拥抱和探索和探索和探索相似性和差异来实现这些计划。他们帮助孩子们为个人学会人。
3. Each child will increasingly recognize unfairness, have language to describe unfairness, and understand that unfairness hurts.
4. 每个孩子都会展示赋权和与他人或单独采取行动的技能，反对偏见或歧视行为。

We encourage you to explore the readings in the References & Resources section for practical ideas and reflection on anti-bias education.

Embracing Multiple Social Identities

孩子们开始开发一个复杂的感觉of self and learn that they can have multiple social identities. Each child in your program is much more than their gender, age, race, or physical features. While some children may be encouraged to strongly identify with these parts of their identities, it’s important to remind all children that they have many different identities. For example, you may have a child in your family child care program who thinks of herself as a daughter, sister, friend, helper, and dog-lover. Others may think of themselves as painters, singers, and future firefighters.

您可以通过指出，以积极和鼓励的方式来影响儿童如何看到自己，他们有许多特质和兴趣。鼓励孩子拥抱他们的多个社会身份，培养自己的自我意识，并帮助他们在思考别人的身份时变得更加灵活。例如，对他人的灵活性思考可以观察一群男孩在玩火车和思考他们，因为喜欢与火车一起玩的孩子而不是认为只有男孩喜欢用火车玩耍。灵活思考其他人允许儿童更开放和接受他人的兴趣和属性。

Children who recognize their multiple identities may develop better problem-solving skills and a better ability to collaborate with others. This helps them come up with more and creative solutions to everyday problems. You likely have pretend play home living items such as dishes and food in your program environment, and it is likely that pieces go missing from time to time. A child who is a flexible and creative problem-solver may recognize that there are no more aprons in the kitchen and instead may fashion an “apron” out of a baby blanket.

Embracing Character

如在课程中突出显示，我们的自我感包括我们认为对自己最重要的角色，属性，行为和关联（Ylvisaker，2006）。性格和人格特质是帮助我们发展我们作为个人的元素的例子;这些通过与他人的互动进行培养和培养，塑造我们当前和未来的生命。

Your program may use a formal character education curriculum. One example is the Character Counts curriculum by the Josephson Institute. This curriculum proposes six pillars of character. Whether you use this or any other character education curriculum, consider how these six pillars may influence the sense of self, positive relationships, and pride in one’s identity and culture:

How do these pillars guide or shape your work? How do they guide or shape your personal life? Take a few minutes to think about how embracing these six pillars can shape the work you do with children around promoting a sense of self.

发展儿童的利益

传记的运动员、音乐家或演员而声名狼籍n indicate that they began their crafts as children. The activities and experiences that you plan for children are very important to the development of a sense of self. As older children develop a sense of self, they are trying out new activities and experiences to understand their personal interests, skills, and talents. According to the Council on Accreditation Standards for After School and Youth Development Programs, providers should:

• 认识并支持儿童的兴趣范围和人才。
• 认识并回应儿童的感受和气质范围。
• 展示对儿童文化和语言的兴趣和相关。

在创建活动计划时，始终将始终包括儿童的需求和兴趣是重要的。孩子们会喜欢帮助您创建计划，头脑风暴活动的想法，并分享自己的活动和经验的想法。您可以通过各种方式帮助支持儿童的兴趣：

• 包括始终提供的各种活动，例如艺术，写作，阅读，建筑，戏剧性戏剧和发现。始终允许在环境中发生创造性的体验。
• 灵活，并以不断变化的需求和儿童的利益。观察孩子如何使用这些材料，并鼓励他们的创造力和想象力。
• 帮助孩子们参与和专注于活动。为他们提供必要的时间，空间，材料和方向，以完成项目和活动。
• Observe and listen to children as they share their interests with you. Try to include the interests of the children whenever possible and appropriate.
• 让孩子们展示他们的才能和技能。年龄较大的学龄儿童可以为他们可以与同龄人和年轻孩子分享的特定人才或兴趣的示范和狗万充值平台课程。

长期项目

基于项目的学习有助于支持孩子狗万app怎么下载们对发展积极自我意识的旅程。项目鼓励调查，合作，重点，决心，发现和创造力。项目可以以各种方式在学习环境中使用。狗万app怎么下载他们可以是儿童主导的，孩子们在那里决定项目并努力创建完成目标所需的步骤或阶段。对于这种类型的项目，他们可能正在完成长期艺术项目，规划人才展示，或进行实验以测试科学理论。项目也可以由家庭或社区成员创建和指导。这些类型的项目可能正在创建和维护花园或共同努力解决影响所有儿童的问题。所有项目都有一个目标，它正在努力，通常具有沿着展示进度的方式完成的某种文档。

项目帮助支持独立，因为他们鼓励：

• 自我指导：项目允许儿童体验自我激励的学习。狗万app怎么下载他们是那些采取措施向前移动项目的成年人。然后，他们可以体验努力工作的成功以及使他们的项目蓬勃发展所需的成功。
• Deep investigation: Projects allow children to think creatively and scientifically. You encourage the process, not the product, and allow children to discover, investigate and collect information and experiences.
• Child initiation: In most educational processes, adults are leading the way, preparing children for proficiency exams and determining the path the learning must take. Projects allow children to take the reins to lead their learning. They can decide on topics, phases, methods of documentation and goals.
• Curiosity: The innocence and passion found in children is demonstrated by their avid curiosity for the world around them. Children are naturally curious about their world. They want to take information in and find a way to understand what it means to them. Projects are a way to harness this curiosity in a productive and creative way. Children can ask questions, determine the learning process, and work toward new goals.

榜样和关系

Most life experiences involve other people. We cannot get far into our daily routine without encountering others. Think about the relationships you have with others. You have strong bonds with family and friends. You have professional relationships. You also have informal relationships with people you consider acquaintances. Children are learning how to establish and maintain healthy relationships. They have friendships that are being based on more than proximity or convenience and more on common interests and goals. They are becoming independent and experiencing other adults outside of the home, such as providers, teachers, tutors, coaches, etc.

作为家庭护万博体育下载官方网站理提供者，您有机会帮助孩子学习如何建立和维持健康的关系。您将通过建模，鼓励和指导来完成此操作。根据理事会审理学校和青年发展方案的认证标准，提供者应与儿童互动并以积极的方式与他们互动：

• Help children feel welcome, comfortable, and supported
• Recognize positive accomplishments
• Treat all children with respect
• 倾听孩子们所说的，利益，接受和欣赏对他们的回应
• Be consistent and follow through on what you say you will do

拥抱文化反应的经历

文化响应的经历是帮助孩子们在您的计划中表达的人。这可能意味着自我反思和表达的机会。它也可能意味着广泛地接触来自世界各地的人，想法和经验。暴露于周围的世界，激发了儿童的好奇心和创造性思维。您应该提供有助于儿童定义自我感和周围世界意义的经验。这可能包括种族或民族认同，但它还可以包括与家庭价值观，信仰或经验相关的身份。例如，孩子们可以探讨生活在军事安装上的文化，是一个独生子女，也是幼儿园过渡。

Strengthening Families

家庭是您计划中的关键合作伙伴。您有承诺尊重家庭并帮助每个家庭为其身份和文化感到自豪。回顾家庭参与课程中介绍的这些家庭为中心的实践：

Family-Centered Practice- Family-centered practice is a set of beliefs and actions that influence how we engage families.
信仰	行动
家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者。	我们了解家庭的想法和偏好。 我们在编程中提供选择。 我们涉及计划领导的家庭。 We involve families in decision-making.
家庭是独一无二的，他们的差异丰富了我们的计划。	We honor and respect diversity. We involve all the important people in a child’s life. We engage and involve families. We develop responsive and reciprocal relationships. 我们代表我们的计划中的家庭。
家庭是有弹性的。	我们了解家庭的优势，需求和环境。 We connect families with resources. 我们建立家庭的优势。
家庭是发展和学习的核心。狗万app怎么下载	我们与家庭分享信息。 We listen to families. 我们将家人视为孩子的第一任教师。 我们尊重家庭对孩子的专业知识。
家庭是我们的合作伙伴。	We use respectful, responsive, and two-way communication. 我们接触家庭。 我们涉及我们计划的各个方面的家庭。

These practices help families feel respected and valued. They also help families gain confidence and a sense of their role in your program.

Families everywhere go through times in their lives when they need help accessing information to help them navigate the circumstances they are dealing with. And you may be just the person they come to for help. A family member may have a question or concern, and you may be asked to provide information, suggestions, or recommendations about a variety of topics, such as child development, challenging behavior, literacy, in- and out-of-school activities, community connections, health-care providers, and so forth. Sometimes you may have answers, and sometimes you may have to look for answers. Above all, if a family member shares a need or concern with you, respect their privacy.

Communicating with Families about Their Child’s Development of a Sense of Self

文化习惯深入影响成年人如何支持儿童的自我发展。所有孩子均在其文化背景及其家庭的价值观的背景下发展。重要的是，您展示尊重您的计划中的每个家庭和儿童。

与家人合作是您在家庭育儿中的工作的重要方面。万博体育下载官方网站您需要与每个家庭建立关系以了解他们的价值观和信仰。发布书面政策和计划规则可以帮助家庭成员了解他们的孩子将在您的家庭育儿计划中遇到的护理措施。万博体育下载官方网站

对所有儿童和家庭的相互尊重和信任关系展示必须始终是您的目标。您的角色对于维持一个温暖的响应环境至关重要，儿童感到安全地发展自己的自我意识。

减少压力：照顾别人的同时照顾好自己

As highlighted in Lesson Three, taking care of yourself and thinking about your own wellness is as significant as taking care and providing for those around you. It is important to be able to acknowledge signs of stress in yourself and others. The table below identifies signs of stress in adults.

当你看到自己的压力迹象时，采取行动。您将在“应用”部分中找到“压力破坏”资源。

As you develop your skill at managing your own stress, you should also observe the children in your program for signs of stress. The first steps in responding to stress are to recognize when there is a problem and to help access resources. Look for these signs of stress in children:

See

随着这些提供者描述他们为自我保健和其工作中的重要性描述了他们的工作。

万博体育下载官方网站家庭儿童护理提供者的自我感觉：自我保健实践

Do

幼儿经历压力作为发展和学习的正常部分。狗万app怎么下载压力可能来自不同的经历，积极和消极。虽然您无法保护所有儿童免受压力经验，但与幼儿的关怀，安全和可预测的关系可以帮助保护它们免受压力的影响。当您支持遇到压力的儿童时，考虑以下策略：

• 在你的照顾下，请靠近幼儿，放心，让他们知道你在那里搬走和探索。
• Provide simple explanations for stressful experiences using a calm, soothing voice. (“You miss your daddy. He is thinking about you and will come after nap and his job is done. Let’s look at his photograph together.”)
• 帮助孩子们把强烈的情绪放入言辞中。
• 鼓励孩子们用他们的话来表达他们的需求和与你和同龄人的需求。
• 与儿童家庭聘用，了解他们生活中发生的事情。