在育儿厨房里练习良好的卫生和卫生是至关重要的,以防止食源性疾病的传播。食品和药物管理局列出了贫困的个人卫生,作为涉及食源性疾病爆发的五个关键因素之一,以及来自不安全来源的食物,烹饪不足,持有温度不当,污染的设备。工人的不良个人卫生导致该国25%至40%的食物中相关疾病。儿童,特别是幼儿,如果暴露于食源性病原体,则经历严重健康问题的风险较高。因此,了解如何练习良好的卫生和卫生是在育儿厨房环境中工作的任何人的重要技能。本机将涵盖良好的个人卫生和实践的原则,您可以在育儿设施中拥有适当清洁和消毒的食品制备环境。
辅助标签
- 解释洗手的过程。
- List examples of how and when to wash hands.
- 区分清洁和消毒。
- List examples of how and when to clean and sanitize the kitchen.
Learn
Know
卫生
洗手
食品处理人员可以是有害的重要来源微生物这导致疾病;因此,定期使用适当的技术洗手是在食品服务中工作的最重要方面之一。这样做有助于降低扩散细菌的发病率,包括病毒,细菌和其他病原体,包括在准备它们时可能存在于原料食品中的那些。
洗手似乎相当简单,食品处理程序可能无法使用正确的技术或允许足够的时间妥善洗手。处理食物的人必须始终用肥皂和自来水洗手;不推荐手动消毒剂作为洗手的替代品。In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warns against using alcohol-based hand sanitizers in lieu of handwashing because these products do not adequately reduce important foodborne pathogens on food handlers’ hands, especially bacterial spores, certain viruses, or other protein-based microorganisms. Also, the ingredients in a hand sanitizer product must be approved food additives by the FDA, since the ingredients from the hand sanitizer can become part of the food in trace amounts by a food handler. (The FDA defines indirect food additives as “those that become part of the food in trace amounts due to its packaging, storage or other handling.” All materials coming in contact with food must be proven to be safe “before they are permitted for use in such a manner.”)
洗手应始终在进入厨房后在指定的洗手间进行(即使您在使用洗手间后洗手)。洗手水槽应标记,并用热和冷水水,手肥皂,单用纸巾或手烘干机和垃圾桶储存。
Wearing Single-Use Gloves
Food handlers should not touch ready-to-eat foods with bare hands because doing so can transfer pathogens to food. Thus, wearing single-use (disposable) gloves that fit properly is another practice in the food service industry. Before wearing gloves, a food handler should wash their hands. Once gloves are on, they need to be changed frequently. Never wash or reuse gloves. Some examples of when gloves should be changed include:
- 在处理任何即食食品之前
- 如果改变任务(例如,切碎莴苣,然后继续制作三明治)
- If the glove develops a tear
- 手套变脏后
- After handling raw meat
- After handling money
- 取出垃圾后
打印出以下迷你海报并将其悬挂在厨房设施中,以提醒员工了解适当的手套磨损实践。
合适的着装
食品处理人员应该在干净的衣服上工作。这不仅可以给出专业的外表,而且脏衣服携带可以转移到食物并导致食源性疾病的病原体。毛发限制(帽子,发网或胡须网)和清洁围裙是食品处理程序的钉书针。珠宝,包括戒指,手表和手镯,在食物搬运期间不应穿着几个原因。这些物品可以含有可能污染食物的细菌和病毒。珠宝也可以落入食物并呈现窒息危险。普通带环是可接受的。食品处理程序也应该避免戴指甲油或人造指甲,因为这些可以隐藏污垢或污染食物。
Cleaning and Sanitation
厨房表面
Cleaning food preparation surfaces is a necessary first step for effective sanitation. Cleaning refers to the removal of organic matter using appropriate cleaning chemicals under recommended conditions. By removing organic matter through proper cleaning, sanitizers are able to make contact with more of the food contact area.
彻底清洁后,卫生是下一步。消毒包括将化学品或热量施加到适当清洁的区域,将病原体减少99.999%。卫生与灭菌不同,这是完全去除所有生物。批准的化学品作为零售或食品服务场所的食物接触表面的消毒剂是氯,碘和季铵盐。
务必将化学品储存在原始容器中远离食品储存和食品制备区域。如果您确实将化学品转移到新的容器中,用化学名称,制造商的名称和地址以及化学潜在危险标记容器。
任何触及食物的表面都必须清洁和消毒。这包括烹饪设备(锅,平底锅,刮刀,叉子,刀具,切割板,食品储存容器,板等)以及食品制备表面,如制备桌。应更换磨损或破裂的厨房设备,因为它不能充分清洁或消毒,因此含有有害病原体。
洗碗
如果您的设施有一个三舱汇,则正确的设置如下:
隔间1
用水填充至少110华氏度(43摄氏度)。
添加洗涤剂。
隔间2.
填充水。
(如果您喷出漂洗物品,请将此隔间留空。)
舱3.
填充水。Add the sanitizing solution.
重要:be sure to check the product’s label to determine the proper temperature and concentration, as this varies among different types and brands of sanitizer chemicals.
If your facility has a dishwasher, the following guidelines are recommended:
- Scrape, rinse, or soak items before washing; presoak items with dried-on food.
- 使用correct rack for the items you are washing. Do not overload the racks; allow space for water spray to reach all surfaces of the items.
- 如果有任何物品仍然肮脏,重新洗涤。
- Air dry all items once they come out of the dishwasher.
- 经常检查水温,压力和消毒剂水平,以确保它们在正确的范围内。
如果使用热卫生方法,洗碗机中的温度必须落在165 f和194 f(74c至90℃)之间,用于固定架,单温洗碗机,或在所有其他高温机器中至少180 f(82℃)。对于三室水槽,水温必须至少为171f(77℃)。
See
遵循适当的洗手步骤,清洁和消毒厨房表面是什么样的?以下两种视频剪辑解决了练习良好的卫生和适当的洗碗手术程序的重要性。
EFOODHANDLERS基本食品安全第2章:健康和卫生视频:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAcoUszRGxc
eFoodHandlers Basic Food Safety Chapter 5: Cleaning and Sanitizing video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RafMixPQ9Be.
此外,以下视频概述了使用三舱汇的洗碗的基本步骤。
Do
作为一个食品处理程序,你知道如何让自己和你的工作环境保持清洁,尽量减少病原体转移到你准备的食物。以下两张表提供了关于洗手和清洁和消毒的“如何以及何时”的详细信息。使用食品安全清洁和消毒北卡罗来纳州立大学延伸的摘要信息,并熟悉厨房清洁和消毒的信息。
洗手
How
- 湿手和手臂。使用自来水尽可能舒适地舒适。
- 涂肥皂。用足以建立一个好泡沫。
- 磨砂手和臂力。Scrub for 20 seconds. Be sure to clean under fingernails and between fingers.
- 彻底冲洗手和手臂。使用温暖的水和冲洗至少10秒。
- 干手和手臂。Use single-use paper towels or a hand dryer. Do NOT use your apron or any other part of your uniform. Do NOT use a multiuse kitchen towel.
- 关掉水龙头。使用纸巾关闭水龙头。
- Throw paper towel away.使用免提,覆盖,脚扣的废物容器扔掉纸巾。
什么时候
- 当你到达工作时
- 每次回到厨房
- 在穿上单用手套之前
- Between different jobs in the kitchen
- 在处理原始,新鲜或冷冻家禽,鱼类或肉之前或之后
- 拿出垃圾后,处理脏盘,拖地或扫地
- After using the restroom
- 咳嗽后,打喷嚏,擦拭或吹鼻子
- 处理可能使食物不安全的化学品
- After touching your hair or your face
- 使用电话后
- After handling money
- 吃完后,喝酒或吸烟
- 接触可能污染你的手的东西后
Clean and Sanitize Surfaces and Equipment
How
- 从表面刮擦或去除食物和碎片。根据需要使用毛巾或其他设备。
- 洗涤表面。使用正确的清洁化学品进行工作。
- 冲洗表面。确保彻底取出洗涤剂残留物。
- 消毒表面。使用卫生解决方案已正确混合到正确的强度。
- 让表面风干。
什么时候
- 使用表面或设备完成后
- Before working with a different type of food
- Any time you have to step away from the task and there is potential for the surface to have become contaminated
- 如果表面或设备处于恒定使用,请在四小时后
探索
The Tri-Service Food Code is a comprehensive resource written for military food service personnel. The purpose of the Tri-Service Food Code is to establish standardized military food safety standards, criteria, procedures, and roles for the safe handling of food to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. This document details the specific processes and procedures that food service personnel serving military branches should adhere to. Chapter Two contains information about responsibilities for personal cleanliness and hygienic practices.
Another resource for food service personnel is the FDA Food Code, 2013 edition, which is intended for all commercial food retail and preparation facilities. Sections 2-3 and 2-4 address the topics of personal cleanliness and hygienic practices. You may access a PDF of this document below or viahttps://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/guidanceregulation/retailfoodprotection/foodcode/ucm374510.pdf.。阅读第46-52页,FDA食品代码的个人清洁。写下两到三个问题,以使用提供的表格与您的主管讨论。请您的主管澄清您可能拥有的任何问题。
Apply
在使用食物时,了解如何以及何时清洁和消毒,何时清洁和消毒,厨房设备和食品制备表面。使用以下海报来自明尼苏达卫生部和国家餐厅协会(如果您的工厂尚未使用类似的资源)并在您的工厂的厨房中展示它们。将它们放在那些在该地区工作的每个人都可以看到的地区(例如,挂在洗手池附近的洗手海报)。
Glossary
Term | 描述 |
---|---|
间接食品添加剂 | “those that become part of the food in trace amounts due to its packaging, storage or other handling.” All materials coming in contact with food "must be proven to be safe" before they are permitted for use in such a manner (from USDA). |
微生物 | any living thing such as a bacterium, protozoan, and some types of algae or fungi that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye; they must be viewed under a microscope |
病原 | 导致疾病的微生物 |
Demonstrate
Fraser,A. M.,&Pascall,M. A.(2010)。零售/食品服务场所食品接触表面的清洁和消毒。Food Safety Magazine。从...获得http://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/magazine-archive1/fechuarymarch-2010/cleaning-and-sanitization-of-food-contact-surfaces-in-retail-foodservice-establustments/
伊利诺伊州人类服务部。(2011)。用于食品服务人员的洗手程序,工作人员保单号和最后更新。从...获得http://www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?item=51500.
servsafe。(2018)。从...获得https://www.servsafe.com/
美国食品和药物管理局。(2018)。行业和监管援助和培训资源。从...获得https://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/retailfoodprotection/industryandregulatoryassistanceandtrainingresources/default.htm
美国食品和药物管理局。(2010)。食品成分,添加剂和颜色概述。https://www.fda.gov/food/ingredientspackaging/babeling/foodadditivesingressients/ucm094211.htm#foodadd
美国食品和药物管理局。(2006). Managing Food Safety: A Regulator’s Manual For Applying HACCP Principles to Riskbased Retail and Food Service Inspections and Evaluating Voluntary Food Safety Management Systems.从...获得https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/HACCP/ucm2006812.htm