知道

花点时间，想想一下，在你的一天，你想到了在工作中的压力发生或冲突。你困住的场景是什么？如何在休息日思考工作是如何思考的？你能够搬到这些想法，享受一天的余地吗？

As a program staff member, you develop close relationships with the children and families you serve. You likely chose this field because you enjoy helping children. However, those who work in helping fields such as child care or education are at risk of secondary traumatic stress and burnout. In this lesson, you will learn how staff may be affected by working with children and families experiencing trauma.

What is Secondary Traumatic Stress?

The National Child Traumatic Stress Network defines secondary traumatic stress (STS) as the emotional distress experienced by an individual after hearing about the traumatic experiences of another. As a staff member, you may work with children and families who have endured or are currently experiencing significant traumas such as homelessness, child abuse, sexual assault, community violence, or substance abuse. Secondary trauma is a risk you face as a result of engaging empathically with a child that has experienced trauma. Because you work closely with children and their families, it’s possible that you can be negatively impacted by exposure to these experiences as well.

Secondary traumatic stress aligns with other terms you may have heard before, includingvicarious trauma那次要创伤， 或者慈悲疲劳。It can touch the lives of any individual working in a helping field with survivors of trauma. The negative impact of secondary traumatic stress has been explored in-depth in several service profession roles such as doctors, nurses, firefighters, law enforcement, disaster relief workers, and social workers.

虽然次要创伤压力可能会影响与创伤的幸存者密切合作的任何人，但有些因素可以在经历次级创伤应力的负面影响的情况下提高个体。替代创伤工具包确定的一些风险因素包括：

• 先前未解决的创伤体验
• Feeling socially isolated at work or at home
• 避免感情的倾向
• Difficulty expressing feelings
• 成为一个新的员工
• Lacking a supportive process for discussing traumatic content

The Child Trauma Academy indicates that there are several reasons why professionals who work closely with children that have experienced trauma are at increased risk of experiencing secondary trauma including:

• 儿童保育提供者，教育工作者，心理健康专业人员，社会工作者和其他专业人员倾向于在与儿童一起使用的儿童时使用同理心作为一种工具，这增加了他们脆弱的脆弱性，以使孩子的痛苦和情绪痛苦内化
• 使用儿童的专业人士反复收听相同或类似的创伤故事，没有足够的恢复时间
• 在与经历类似的创伤的孩子时，触发未解决的个人创伤
• When children are maltreated it evokes strong emotions and makes individuals question their sense of humanity
• 该领域的专业人士经常被隔绝，高轮率增加了在现场工作的个人的压力
• 缺乏资源和支持与次生创伤有关的问题

类似于您在课程中学到的创伤症状，您经历过次生创伤压力的个人可能表现出各种各样的症状，可能影响其生命的几个领域。患有次要创伤性压力的个体可能经验的潜在症状包括以下（治疗和服务适应中心）：

很明显，与生存创伤生存的儿童和家庭密切合作可能会对整体福祉产生重大影响。因为照顾其他人的成本可以是身体上和心理上的疲惫，重要的是要早点识别症状以防止倦怠。

What is Burnout?

Secondary trauma can occur following a single exposure or interaction with a child or adult that has experienced trauma whereas burnout is a condition caused by participating in emotionally demanding situations and becomes progressively worse overtime. Experiencing secondary traumatic stress or compassion fatigue can contribute to child care professionals becoming burned out in their field. Burnout is defined as the physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that occurs over time from dealing with excessive amounts of stress (Burnout Prevention and Treatment). Exposure to prolonged stress in the workplace may result in feelings that affect your levels of interest and motivation and even your outlook on life. It’s important to note that stress causes one to feel overwhelmed, whereas burnout causes one to feel empty. While experiencing stressful situations in the workplace is normal and expected at times, constant exposure to stressful situations without feeling satisfaction from work can result in burnout over time. The table below outlines some key differences between stress and burnout:

Think back to Johnathan…

同样，一定程度的压力是工作场所的正常体验;然而，慢性应激，暴露于幸存下来创伤的个体，感觉缺乏支持可以完全有助于倦怠的感受。

Workplace Prevention

Now that you are familiar with how secondary traumatic stress or burnout can affect child care professionals working with families that have endured trauma, it’s important to reflect on how the workplace can support individuals or promote healthy behaviors. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network outlines some suggestions for how to prevent secondary traumatic stress and burnout at an organizational or program level:

看

作为专家讨论计划管理员如何支持有次要创伤压力风险的工作人员。您的计划领导人或同事会员谈论次要创伤压力吗？您如何帮助建立对这种风险的认识？

Secondary Traumatic Stress

Do

Protective Strategies for Caregivers

有些事情可以做些可以保护自己免受次要创伤压力，倦怠和同情疲劳：

• Speak about and maintain a positive attitude towards children and families
• Utilize the support of coaches and mentors
• 利用机会了解有关支持经历创伤的儿童和家庭的方法
• Recognize when you or your coworkers may show signs of secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion fatigue
• Understand your own needs and respond appropriately
• Balance your work life and personal life
• Do your part in making your program atmosphere a positive and encouraging place to work
• Utilize the breaks that are built into your day to do something calming and enjoyable