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    目标
    • 了解如何通过与经历创伤的儿童和家庭合作来影响计划人员的影响
    • 确定典型工作压力之间的差异ss and burnout
    • 考虑您的计划如何更好地支持员工并防止倦怠

    学习

    学习

    知道

    花点时间,想想一下,在你的一天,你想到了在工作中的压力发生或冲突。你困住的场景是什么?如何在休息日思考工作是如何思考的?你能够搬到这些想法,享受一天的余地吗?

    As a program staff member, you develop close relationships with the children and families you serve. You likely chose this field because you enjoy helping children. However, those who work in helping fields such as child care or education are at risk of secondary traumatic stress and burnout. In this lesson, you will learn how staff may be affected by working with children and families experiencing trauma.

    What is Secondary Traumatic Stress?

    国家儿童创伤压力网络定义了次要创伤压力(STS)作为在听到另一个创伤体验后个人经历的情绪困扰。作为工作人员,您可以与遭受或目前遭受的儿童和家庭合作,或者目前正在经历无家可归,虐待儿童,性侵犯,社区暴力或虐待物质的重要创伤。次要创伤是您与经历创伤的孩子同情地引起的危险。因为你与孩子及其家人密切合作,所以你也可能因暴露于这些经验而受到负面影响。

    次要创伤应力aligns with other terms you may have heard before, including替代创伤次要创伤, 要么慈悲疲劳。It can touch the lives of any individual working in a helping field with survivors of trauma. The negative impact of secondary traumatic stress has been explored in-depth in several service profession roles such as doctors, nurses, firefighters, law enforcement, disaster relief workers, and social workers.

    While secondary traumatic stress can affect any person who works closely with survivors of trauma, some factors may place an individual at an increased risk of experiencing the negative effects of secondary traumatic stress. Some risk factors identified by the Vicarious Trauma Toolkit include:

    • 先前未解决的创伤体验
    • Feeling socially isolated at work or at home
    • 避免感情的倾向
    • 表达感情难以捉摸
    • 成为一个新的员工
    • 缺乏讨论创伤内容的支持性过程

    Johnathan recently moved to a new state and started a job at the local preschool. He hoped to make new friends at his job since he doesn’t have his support system nearby. However, he has had trouble connecting with his coworkers and often feels left out of their interactions. Today, a youth in Johnathan’s program described to him a detailed account of severe physical and sexual abuse that the child endured. This was difficult for Johnathan to hear because he too can relate to some of the experiences the child described, but he has not shared with anyone.What are some factors that may place Jonathan at an increased risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress?

    The Child Trauma Academy indicates that there are several reasons why professionals who work closely with children that have experienced trauma are at increased risk of experiencing secondary trauma including:

    • 儿童保育提供者,教育工作者,心理健康专业人员,社会工作者和其他专业人员倾向于在与儿童一起使用的儿童时使用同理心作为一种工具,这增加了他们脆弱的脆弱性,以使孩子的痛苦和情绪痛苦内化
    • Professionals working with children repeatedly listen to the same or similar traumatic stories without enough recovery time
    • 在与经历类似的创伤的孩子时,触发未解决的个人创伤
    • When children are maltreated it evokes strong emotions and makes individuals question their sense of humanity
    • 该领域的专业人士经常被隔绝,高轮率增加了在现场工作的个人的压力
    • 缺乏资源和支持与次生创伤有关的问题

    类似于您在课程中学到的创伤症状,您经历过次生创伤压力的个人可能表现出各种各样的症状,可能影响其生命的几个领域。患有次要创伤性压力的个体可能经验的潜在症状包括以下(治疗和服务适应中心):

    情绪化的 愤怒,悲伤,感觉麻木,脱落,不堪重负或绝望
    物理 头痛,胃痛,能量低,失眠,疲劳
    Behavioral 改变常规或参与自毁考虑(例如,药物滥用)
    Professional Lack of motivation, tardiness, low job performance or job tasks and responsibilities
    Cognitive 难以集中或做出决策,重温创伤的图像,过度担忧
    精神 质疑生命的意义,缺乏自我满足
    Interpersonal Withdrawing from coworkers, friends, or family, irritability with friends and family

    很明显,与生存创伤生存的儿童和家庭密切合作可能会对整体福祉产生重大影响。因为照顾其他人的成本可以是身体上和心理上的疲惫,重要的是要早点识别症状以防止倦怠。

    What is Burnout?

    次要创伤可以在单一的暴露或与经历创伤的儿童或成年人的互动之后发生,而倦怠是通过参与情绪要求苛刻的情况而导致的条件,并逐渐变得更加糟糕。体验次要创伤压力或同情疲劳可以促进育儿专业人员在他们的领域烧毁。倦怠被定义为随着时间的推移而发生的身体,情感和心理疲惫(倦怠预防和治疗)。暴露在工作场所的长期压力可能导致影响您的兴趣和动机水平,甚至是您对生活的展望。值得注意的是,压力导致一个人感到不知所措,而倦怠导致一个人感到空虚。虽然在工作场所遇到压力情况的同时是正常的并且有时期望,但不断接触压力情况而不会感到满足于工作的满足可能导致倦怠随着时间的推移。下表概述了应力和倦怠之间的一些关键差异:

    Stress Burnout
    以过度参与或过度承诺为特征 以脱离或隔离为特征
    Emotions are over reactive 情绪钝化或麻木
    Feelings of urgency or hyperactivity 无助或绝望的感觉
    失去能量 Loss of motivation, ideals, and hope
    Leads to anxiety disorders 导致脱离和抑郁症
    Primary effect is physical Primary effect is emotional
    可能过早地杀死你 可能让生活看起来不值得过

    (vellguide.org倦怠预防和治疗,2018)

    Think back to Johnathan…

    It’s been several weeks since Johnathan heard of the traumatic physical and sexual abuse experienced by a youth in the program. Since then, Johnathan has continually been working with children and their families who are dealing with significant chronic issues of homelessness, community violence, and parental deployment. Without having anyone close to talk with, Johnathan has been dealing with these issues on his own and is struggling with feelings of depression and hopelessness. Even outside of work he hasn’t found any joy in any of his hobbies.您认为Johnathan正在处理典型的工作压力或开始显示倦怠的迹象吗?

    同样,一定程度的压力是工作场所的正常体验;然而,慢性应激,暴露于幸存下来创伤的个体,感觉缺乏支持可以完全有助于倦怠的感受。

    Workplace Prevention

    现在,您熟悉中学创伤或倦怠如何影响与持久创伤的家庭合作的儿童护理专业人员,重要的是反思工作场所如何支持个人或促进健康行为。全国子女创伤压力网络概述了如何在组织或计划级别预防次要创伤压力和倦怠的一些建议:

    • 支持性监督

      创建一个安全的空间,员工会员可以办理登机手续或讨论顾虑或讨论方案领导议员的担忧或潜在问题。

    • 工作场所自我保健团体

      拥有一个符合工作场所的小组,讨论和检查促进健康行为和自我护理。

    • 沟通安排

      每个计划政策,工作人员需要能够使用他们的个人和病天。管理人员应该向工作人员提供合理的要求,这些要求适应他们的时间表,以提供工作生活平衡(例如,工作6-2班而不是8-4),也确保儿童和青年有一致的照顾。

    • 员工培训

      托管员工培训次要创伤压力和倦怠问题,以便员工和监督员意识到有害影响,并知道如何干预。

    • 外部伙伴关系

      与协助努力倦怠或STS(例如,咨询服务)的个人协助个人的机构或组织创建外部伙伴关系。

    • Ongoing assessment

      不断评估,以确保工作场所被所有人作为积极环境,并且预防努力得到有效实施。

    看到

    作为专家讨论计划管理员如何支持有次要创伤压力风险的工作人员。您的计划领导人或同事会员谈论次要创伤压力吗?您如何帮助建立对这种风险的认识?

    Secondary Traumatic Stress

    了解如何支持可能正在经历次要创伤压力的工作人员。

    护理人员的保护策略

    有些事情可以做些可以保护自己免受次要创伤压力,倦怠和同情疲劳:

    • Speak about and maintain a positive attitude towards children and families
    • Utilize the support of coaches and mentors
    • 利用机会了解有关支持经历创伤的儿童和家庭的方法
    • Recognize when you or your coworkers may show signs of secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion fatigue
    • Understand your own needs and respond appropriately
    • 平衡你的工作生活和个人生活
    • 您可以在使您的节目氛围中进行积极和令人鼓舞的工作
    • Utilize the breaks that are built into your day to do something calming and enjoyable

    Explore

    Explore

    使用Assessing Program Supportchecklist to ensure your program supports staff in implementing protective strategies. Discuss your thoughts with a coach, trainer, or administrator.

    应用

    应用

    点评审查Secondary Traumatic Stress事实表并与教练,培训师或管理员讨论此信息。

    词汇表

    术语 Description
    Burnout 随着时间的推移而发生的身体,情感和心理疲惫,从处理工作场所的过度压力。
    次要创伤应力 The emotional anguish experienced by an individual after hearing about the traumatic experiences of another.

    演示

    演示
    Assessment

    Q1

    True or false? Burnout is the physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that occurs over time as a result of handling excessive amounts of stress.

    Q2

    Select which example below describes stress.

    Q3

    Which symptom would you not expect to see in someone experiencing secondary traumatic stress?

    References & Resources

    Bundy,R.(N.D.)。了解同情疲劳。从...获得https://rebeccabundy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/handout-for-fompassion-fatigue.pdf.

    Burnout Prevention and Treatment: Techniques for Dealing with Overwhelming Stress (2018). Retrieved fromhttps://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/burnout-prevention-and-recovery.htm/

    慈悲疲劳意识项目(2017年)。从...获得http://www.compassionfatigue.org/pages/compassionfatigue.html.

    Mathieu,F.(2007)。在空中跑:卫生专业人士的同情疲劳。从...获得http://www.compassionfatigue.org/pages/runningonempty.pdf.

    国家安全支持环境中心:次级创伤应力和自我护理包(N.D.)。狗万app怎么下载从...获得https://safesupportive狗万app怎么下载learning.ed.gov/sites/default/files/building_tss_handout_3secondary_trauma.pdf.

    全国子女创伤压力网络(N.D.)。从...获得https://www.nctsn.org/trauma-informed-care/secondary-traumatic-stress

    vicarious trauma工具包(n.d.)。从...获得https://vtt.ovc.ojp.gov/what-is-vicarious-trauma#vtt_model.

    治疗和服务适应中心(N.D.)。从...获得https://traumaawareschools.org/secondaryStress