关于儿童虐待报告和预防课程的一份说明：与婴儿和幼儿，学龄前儿童和学龄儿童合作的工作人员有单独的课程。万博体育全站app在这些年龄组中存在许多关键概念存在的例子和年龄相关的内容存在重要的变化。使用多个年龄组或搬到不同年龄组的工作人员通常不需要完成多个课程。请与您的T＆CS或经理讨论您的个人专业发展需求。

知道

对于我们大多数人来说，很难想象有人伤害孩子。想象有故意伤害婴儿或幼儿的人可能更难以更加困难。尽可能令人不安，孩子虐待和忽视是非常真实的。每年超过600,000名儿童是美国虐待或忽视的受害者（美国卫生部和人类服务部，2012年）。我们大多数人永远不会理解为什么个人犯罪或忽视的原因。本课程的目的是帮助您了解虐待和忽视的虐待和忽视。它还可以帮助您了解您在报告和预防滥用和忽视方面的义务。你是一个授权的记者。这意味着您有法律要求报告对适当的当局的滥用或忽视的怀疑（例如，儿童保护服务，米尔军事家庭宣传计划，或您在陆军计划中的报告点）。如果您不确定某些事情是否是滥用或忽视，或者较违反政策的违规，您可能希望与您的主管讨论这一点。您从不要求寻求报告的许可。如果您认为发生了滥用或忽视的情况，则需要正确向其报告。

什么是虐待和忽视？

需要一分钟以反映该定义。您对联邦定义的印象是什么？这是什么意思？让我们更详细地探索每个部分：

• 最近的行为或未能采取行动：这让我们提醒我们，虐待和忽视是两个截然不同的概念。一个孩子可以被击球或踢的公然行动伤害，但是当一个成年人未能为孩子们的幸福提供给孩子的情况时，孩子也可能受到伤害，而不是监督蹒跚学步或不喂养或沐浴孩子
• 在父母或看护人的一部分：Remember abuse and neglect can happen anywhere and by anyone. Abuse does not just happen at the hands of a parent or family member. Abuse and neglect can be committed by anyone who is responsible for the care of a child. This might be a teacher, coach, faith leader, or any other individual in a caregiving or supervisory role.
• which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation
• 或者行为或未能采取行动，这提出了迫在眉睫的严重危害风险：We don't have to wait for tragedies to strike. If a child is in serious risk of harm, it can be considered abuse or neglect.

该定义是最低的联邦标准。各国和政府部门可以制定自己更具体的儿童虐待和忽视的定义。在您的工作场所，您将遵守和遵守儿童虐待和忽视的国防部。

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services米尔和军事家庭倡导计划, child abuse and neglect generally falls into one of these four categories:

Where Does Child Abuse and Neglect Occur?

虐待虐待和忽视可能会发生任何地方。您应该熟悉两个不同类型的滥用和忽视。

家族abuse or neglect occurs in an infant or toddler's home. The act of abuse or neglect is committed by a parent, guardian, or family member.

Institutionalabuse or neglect occurs outside the home in community or private settings. This type of abuse or neglect is also known as "out-of-home" or "extra-familial" abuse or neglect.米尔在休息啊f this course, institutional abuse will refer to abuse or neglect which may occur in Department of Defense-sponsored facilities, programs, or activities. This course will focus on abuse or neglect which may occur in child development centers, family child care homes, sponsored field trips, and school-age care programs. Remember, though, that institutional abuse can also occur in installation homework or computer centers, mentoring or tutoring programs, sports programs, chapel programs, scouts, Morale Welfare and Recreation programs, teen centers and youth programs. This type of abuse typically involves a child and an adult in a supervisory role, like a teacher, caregiver, or volunteer。

You will learn more about institutional abuse in the last lesson of this course and in the Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Course. However, there are a few things you should know as you begin this course. There are certain types of guidance and discipline that have the potential to inflict harm and model aggression. When we use aggressive techniques with children, they and their families learn that aggressive responses to behavior are OK. That is not the message we want to send children and families. The following practices have no place in child development programs and may be considered child abuse or neglect:

• 体罚：在任何情况下，您可能都不会罢工，击中，鞭打，打击，或对任何年龄的孩子使用任何其他形式的身体惩罚。
• Withholding physical needs：You may not, under any circumstances, withhold food, sleep, physical activity or other needs like toileting from a child as punishment.
• 大喊大叫，羞辱，贬低或威胁孩子：You may not, under any circumstances, intentionally make a child fear for his or her physical or psychological safety. You may not call children hurtful names, threaten children, or make children feel shame.
• 隔离孩子：You may not punish a child by leaving him or her alone (i.e., leaving a child on the playground alone because he did not line up with the group) or by putting the child in “time out” in an enclosed space like a closet, restroom, or cardboard box.
• Binding or restricting a child’s movements：您可能无法通过阻止他或她能够移动或说话（即，覆盖儿童的嘴或胶带的手）来惩罚孩子。

如果工作人员被指控虐待或忽视，他们可以预期从调查正在进行调查时从与儿童直接接触中移除。有关更多具体信息，请与您的经理交谈或t＆cs。

谁是风险的？

虐待儿童和忽视会发生任何人。没有“典型的”施虐者或受害者。然而，有一些情况，滥用或忽视的风险较高。理解虐待和忽视的风险更具风险可以帮助我们为正在经历压力的儿童和家庭提供额外的支持。我们可以想到在几个层面发生的风险：个人，家庭和社区。

有三类儿童患儿童虐待和忽视的风险：幼儿，残疾儿童和具有挑战性行为的儿童。这意味着有困难时期的儿童，控制他们的情绪，遵循方向，或与他人相处可能是风险的。周围的成年人可能很容易沮丧或不知道如何帮助孩子。我们必须小心地记住这并不意味着孩子会导致虐待和忽视。孩子永远不会责怪。它并不意味着只有这些类别的儿童被滥用或被忽视。相反，我们必须记得为孩子们满足这些特征的家庭提供额外的支持。

希望和梦想父母对他们的孩子在怀孕期间开始。照顾婴儿或幼儿的现实可能与父母拥有的期望不符。这可能对家庭压力有压力，可以让他们容易受到虐待或忽视。观看这段视频，了解为什么婴儿和幼儿最容易受到虐待和忽视的影响。

虐待和忽视：婴儿和幼儿

还有一些家庭的特征，犯罪或忽视更具风险。具有较少的儿童发展或儿童虐待历史的成年人正在增加犯罪虐待或忽视的风险。然而，重要的是要记住，并非所有被虐待的成年人都遭到虐待，因为孩子们继续虐待自己的孩子。具有物质滥用，心理健康问题或纪律方法的成年人也可能存在风险。

虐待更有可能发生在社会孤立的家庭中。由于许多原因，一个家庭可能会被孤立：最近的举措或部署可能将它们与大家庭和朋友分开，长期或无法预测的工作时间表可能会阻止他们具有社会机会，或者他们可能不知道如何与他人联系。儿童虐待和忽视也更有可能发生在经历其他形式的家庭暴力的家庭中，如暴力对抗配偶或伴侣。遇到压力的家庭（如失业，新儿童，婚姻冲突或部署），父母关系不佳，负面互动也是大多数风险。

社区风险因素包括社区暴力，高水平的贫困，高度的流动性和住房不稳定，高失业率和社会联系差。社区风险因素可以增加对家庭的压力增加。当压力很高或获得必要的资源很低时，更有可能发生滥用和忽视。

什么是保护因素？

Take a moment to reflect on the risk factors you just read about. If you could think of ways to counteract or cancel out those risk factors, what would they be? What types of characteristics minimize the risk for child abuse and neglect? Researchers and policymakers have spent a lot of time thinking about these questions. As a result, the Center for the Study of Social Policy has developed the Strengthening Families Protective Factors Framework to prevent child abuse and neglect. It is important to understand this framework because it can help you see that the high-quality, family-centered work that you do everyday in your program makes a difference in the lives of children and families. Our job is not only to care for each child but also to provide care and support for the whole family. The Strengthening Families Protective Factors framework gives us tools and ideas to support families.

应用部分中有一个资源，供您下载并阅读以了解有关保护因子框架的更多信息。以下是概述了五种保护因素，有助于防止儿童虐待和忽视家庭。当这五个因素很强劲时，家庭的款项更好地配备了他们需要保护孩子免受虐待和忽视所需的技能和支持。

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观看此视频以了解有关保护因素框架的更多信息。

Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect: Protective Factors

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What is My Role in Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect?

作为婴儿和幼儿的护理人员，您有一个合法和道德的专业责任来保护孩子免受伤害。这是您最重要的责任，也是全国职业道德教育教育协会突出的责任。鉴于这种重要的道德责任，还有必要认识到，当您怀疑孩子的方式有一个法律义务是有必要的。作为儿童发展计划工作人员，您是一个疑虑儿童虐待和忽视的授权记者。这意味着您有法律要求报告虐待儿童虐待和忽视的怀疑。您将在后续课程中了解报告程序。目前，重要的是要认识到您有义务报告您对儿童虐待和忽视的怀疑。

On military installations, leaders have worked hard to create a climate that promotes reporting. You are a mandated reporter, and so are all installation law enforcement personnel, physicians, nurses, social workers, school personnel, Family Advocacy Program and Children, Youth and School personnel, psychologists, and other medical personnel. In some services and on some installations, all service members are mandated reporters.

What is My Role in Strengthening Families?

Your main role is to learn all you can about families and to build strong relationships with them. You might be the first person a family member talks to about a problem or concern they are having. You might also work with your manager or T&Cs to provide resources to families (i.e., tips about dealing with biting, community information). Thinking about the Protective Factors framework can help you understand simple ways you can support the families you see everyday.

You will learn much more about this topic in the Child Abuse Prevention course and in the Families course. For now, take time to learn about the Strengthening Families Protective Factors framework and reflect on how it can guide your work. Make a commitment to build positive relationships with all of the families you work with. You can also continue to:

• 有助于了解您的计划和社区虐待儿童虐待和忽视的认识。
• 参加这样一个所需的培训米尔和您的家庭倡导计划提供的其他人。您将在下一课程中了解有关家庭宣传计划的更多信息。家庭倡导计划通过提供在建立保护因素的所有家庭来建立和支持家庭来防止虐待儿童虐待和忽视。如果发生虐待，则FAP培训了员工，以评估报告的事件并相应地回应，以使受害者安全，与家庭合作，以创造安全，稳定和培育儿童的关系。
• 了解社区资源米尔或安装你可以与家人分享。
• 访问https://cssp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/branching-out-and-reaching-deeper.pdf.了解有关保护因素框架方法的更多信息。

完成本课程

有关本课程中的预期，儿童虐待的更多信息：识别和报告能力反思以及在整个课程中提供的随附的学习，探索和应用资源和活动的列表，访问婴儿和幼儿虐待婴儿虐待：识别和报告课程指南。

请注意，每个课程结束时的引用和资源部分概述了参考源和资源，以查找有关所涵盖主题的其他信息。当您完成课程时，您预计不会审查所有可用的在线参考。但是，欢迎您进一步探索资源，如果您有兴趣或培训师，教练或管理员的要求进一步探索资源。