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作为一个儿童发展专业,促进social and emotional competence is a major part of your job. Appropriately, you will spend the bulk of your time with infants and toddlers promoting positive interactions, helping solve problems, and responding to intense emotions. You are promoting positive social and emotional skills in every interaction you have with a child. Evidence suggests that social and emotional competence contributes significantly to skills in other domains like cognitive and physical development. Researchers at the Center for the Study of Social Policy found an additional benefit of such an emphasis on social and emotional competence: It decreased the amount of child abuse and neglect in families. Parents with children in exemplary programs reported that the skills their children learned related to anger management and violence prevention directly affected the way parents and children interacted. When children expressed their emotions appropriately, parents began to see their children differently. While these findings might seem more relevant to older children and preschoolers, you begin this important work with infants and toddlers. You can have a large impact on how parents and children interact. Families notice the way you interact with children: how you soothe an infant, how you help calm a dispute over a toy, or how you respond when a toddler tantrums. Your relationships can become a model for families.

这与防止儿童滥用和忽视在中心环境中有什么关系？答案很简单：当你看到每个互动作为建立积极关系的机会时，你更有可能积极地观看儿童。您更有可能看到行为作为沟通。

• 哭泣的婴儿说，“安慰我。”
• The 9-month-old trying to climb the shelves is saying, “Help me explore.”
• The 14-month-olds pushing their way to the top of the slide are saying, “We want to play, but we don’t know how.”
• 在房间周围跑来的小孩说，“和我一起玩。”

这使得你不太可能变得沮丧或不堪重负。您更有可能对挑战您的行为做出良好的决定。这些决定有助于加强与儿童的关系，这些关系有助于婴儿和幼儿发展和学习。

您可以通过下载和阅读学习部分结束时的社交和情感能力的文章来了解更多信息。

什么是社会和情感能力？

社会和情感能力是与他人互动的能力，规范自己的情绪和行为，解决问题，有效地沟通。我们不能指望婴儿和幼儿拥有这些能力;他们仍在学习并开发他们需要与其狗万app怎么下载他人连接的技能。相反，最好考虑婴儿和幼儿的社交情绪发展。考虑来自社会和情感基础的中心的这个定义，了解早期学习（CSEFEL;狗万app怎么下载www.vanderbilt.edu/csefel.）：

有强有力的研究证据证明社会和情感发展有助于跨域发展：认知，物理，通信（截至2009年Copple＆Brenekamp;发展中国家的国家科学委员会，2008; Raver＆Knitzer，2002;史密斯，2010; Zins，Bloodworth，Weissberg，＆Wahlberg，2004）。在许多方面，社会和情感发展打开了更丰富和更深入的学习的大门。狗万app怎么下载在幼儿期间，我们了解这种关系是所有学习的基础，所以有很强的关系有助于孩子学习，这是有道理的。狗万app怎么下载

Social and emotional competence begins to develop even in infancy. During the first six months of life, infants learn how caregivers (parents and other adults) will respond to their needs. This is known as attachment. Attachment relationships are those relationships that help an infant feel safe and protected—especially when they are ill or scared. All infants become attached to caregivers, but there are different qualities of attachment. The quality of attachment depends on how adults respond to the infant. Adults who respond quickly and lovingly to a crying infant build secure attachment relationships. Adults who ignore crying or respond negatively build insecure attachment relationships.

安全附件为后来的社交和情感增长设定了舞台。一个安全的婴儿知道成年人会在遇险的时候安慰她。在一年的时候，牢固附着的婴儿呼声少，更能够抚慰自己，并更快地回应一个舒缓的照顾者（Benoit，2004）。当我们回应婴儿的需求时，他们得知他们是有效的沟通者。他们学习了对话和互动的后来。这对儿童通过青少年的婴儿通知书产生了很大的影响。

计划可以促进婴儿和幼儿的社会和情感能力的若干关键方案（关于早期学习的社会和情感基础，2008年）包括：培养培育和响应关系，创造支持性环境和常规，并提供有针对性的社会和情感狗万app怎么下载支持。

Nurturing and Responsive Relationships:

• Providing physical and emotional security for each child
• 发展有意义的关系
• 协助婴儿和幼儿在调节情绪方面
• Applying knowledge of children’s individual temperaments to interactions and practice
• 从事持续的观察和对儿童社会和情感学习的思考狗万app怎么下载

创建支持性环境和例程：

• 设计促进社会和情感能力的响应环境
• Designing responsive routines and schedules that promote social and emotional competence
• Ensuring smooth transitions
• 个性化计划和课程，以促进社会情感能力
• 使用指导childr适龄的期望en’s behavior
• 支持ing families to develop home environments and routines that promote social emotional competence

有针对性的社会情感支持：

• 有效地利用促销和加强积极互动
• 提供帮助儿童在发展社会实践中的指导
• Identifying and labeling emotions in self and others
• Exploring the nature of feelings and appropriate ways they can be expressed
• 开发个性化方法，以支持遇险的儿童

您将在指导和社交课程中了解更多有关这些策略的更多信息。你也可以访问http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu有关由中心开发的婴儿和幼儿培训模块，由社会和情感基础进行早期学习。狗万app怎么下载

See

促进社会和情感能力的节目是什么样的？观看此视频以了解。

促进婴儿和幼儿的社会发展

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促进婴儿和幼儿的社会和情感能力的最强方式之一是护理的连续性（Cryer，Hurwitz，＆Wolery，2003）。在大多数或所有婴儿和蹒跚学步的年度，儿童在同样的照顾者身上待在同样的照顾者身上。对儿童和成人最大限度地减少压力过渡。该计划结构允许婴儿，幼儿和护理人员建立一致的培育关系。安全附件有机会形成。在这些安全的附件中，护理人员能够促进儿童的社交和情感能力。您可能无法控制课堂或计划中的儿童留在多长时间，但您可以采取步骤为婴儿和幼儿提供更加一致的体验。例如：

• 仍然靠近课堂上的儿童和家庭。有对话，仍然是孩子在该计划中经验的一部分。
• 支持the transition between classrooms. Visit the new classroom with the child before the transition. Provide information to the new classroom team. Visit the child after the transition to check-in.
• 与其他课堂团队合作，以确保过渡很容易。找到增加教室之间的相似之处的方法（日程表，活动，最喜欢的书籍或玩具）。
• 以舒适的方式回应孩子的恐惧。请记住，这可能对孩子来说是艰难的或可怕的。提供额外的拥抱并记住孩子的气质：你可能希望孩子比平常行为更多，或者比平常更胆小。保持一致和培养。谈谈与幼儿的过渡。阅读关于“去幼儿园”的故事。万博体育全站app

From the Center for the Study of Social Policy:

• 总是让孩子们在离开计划或员工改变时会有机会说再见。
• 帮助儿童流程课程或员工更改。
• 向父母和孩子沟通人员的变更。
• Intentionally help children enter into new settings (e.g. by allowing transition/orientation time).
• 鼓励孩子表达自己的感受。
• 对于较旧的幼儿和学龄前儿童，鼓励分享，轮流和万博体育全站app合作播放。
• Offer children many ways to express themselves: theater, music, visual arts.

根据社会和情感基金会的中心，早期学习，促进情绪素养，您可以：狗万app怎么下载

• Read infants’ communication cues.
• 回应婴儿的沟通尝试和手势。
• Provide responsive care to meet infants’ needs.
• Talk about and display photos of the infants, toddlers, and their families and label various emotional expressions.
• Notice and label children’s feelings.
• 标记自己的感受。

To promote problem-solving you can:

• Encourage their persistence (i.e., at reaching for a toy, trying again, etc.)
• 为婴儿和幼儿提供探索他们的兴趣和周围环境的机会
• Play games with infants like a peek a boo or imitating sounds
• 鼓励婴儿用他们的身体将物体放在距离之外
• Provide educational toys and experiences that encourage problem solving (e.g. stacking cups, etc.)

To promote relationships and early friendship skills, you can:

• Recognize infants’ interest in human faces and interaction
• 提供充分机会与婴儿或幼儿互动，并为婴儿与同龄人和成人互动
• Play games such as peek a boo
• Talk to the baby often
• 唱歌和婴儿读书
• 经常微笑给宝宝
• 从事许多来回通信