知道

As an adult, you have already developed many of the thinking skills that help you navigate the world around you. Think about the skills and strategies that have helped you succeed at daily tasks like:

• Reading and following the recipe for a new meal
• Finding a different way home when traffic is heavy
• Estimating the amount of material you'll need for a home improvement project
• Finishing a book and discussing it with friends
• 填写工作申请
• 固定泄漏的龙头或管道
• Budgeting for groceries and other essentials

What thinking skills helped with these kinds of tasks? Reading, writing, measuring, calculating, problem-solving, hypothesis testing, comprehending, and recalling facts all are essential for many of the tasks you accomplish every day. You started developing those skills as a child, and they continue to develop as you encounter new situations as an adult.

The infants and toddlers you care for are just beginning their own journeys, but their brains are developing in amazing ways. The work you do everyday lays the foundation for these infants and toddlers to develop the thinking skills they need to be successful in school and life. This course will help you understand how your work contributes to the development of thinking skills in the infants and toddlers you serve.

什么是认知发展？

认知发展是关于学习的。狗万app怎么下载当孩子模仿成年人时，这是认知发展;当孩子在看到一只狗时，孩子发出“ruff”的声音时，这是一种认知发展;当一个孩子在听到熟悉的声音时微笑，这是一种认知发展。认知发展一直发生，受到我们基因的影响和我们的经历。据道奇，科尔克和英雄（2002年）称，“认知发展是指思想以及它的工作原理。它涉及孩子如何认为，他们如何看待他们的世界，以及他们如何使用他们所学的内容。”虽然大脑可能会受到任何年龄的影响，但它是早年最柔韧的。

Scientists no longer debate which is most important, genetics or experience; the same is true for which developmental domain is most important. All of the domains of development are important, and they are inextricably linked. Carol Dweck of Stanford University says, "We can't carve people up-there isn't the cognitive person, the emotional person, the motivational person, the social person. All of these co-occur in the brain" (Galinsky, 2010).

早年的重要性

大脑随着时间的推移而建造，每次经历都会影响成长和发展。谁是与他们在生活中早期的经历变得有关的一切;他们在你的照顾时他们拥有的经历。在他们的家庭之外，您可能是在这些危急的发展中度过最多时间的人。

Cognitive development is strengthened when children are healthy, emotionally secure, and socially connected. As a teacher of infants and toddlers, it is your job to make sure:

• 通过保持干净的环境和促进健康习惯，它们是健康的
• 他们通过响应他们的提示并立即以培育方式解决他们的需求而感到安全
• They are socially connected by fostering relationships between them and others during play and care-giving routines

Early experiences are powerful; children who accumulate negative experiences in their early years carry the effects with them throughout their lives. In other words, early experiences last a lifetime. Remember that while you are changing diapers, picking up toys, singing songs, cleaning up spilt milk, and performing all of the other tasks you do on a daily basis; you are also influencing a developing brain.

See

大脑在生命的前三年中做了惊人的工作。观看此视频以了解有关如何影响发展大脑的更多信息。

You Make a Difference

做

Infants and toddlers learn by watching, moving, tasting, smelling, touching, and doing. Cognitive development is built on other areas of development, such as visual skills, thinking skills, and memory. The experiences offered across areas of development contribute greatly to development and learning. Infants and toddlers learn from your words and what and how you do things, such as holding and smiling at them. Take time to review the strategies listed below which highlight ways to support cognitive development for the infants and toddlers in your care:

• 触摸，搂抱，并唱歌给婴儿和幼儿。
• 阅读婴儿和幼儿。让他们探索页面，插图和纹理。谈论书的颜色，尺寸，形状和其他功能。
• 提供制造简单，令人愉悦的噪音，如摇篮和摇动者的玩具。帮助婴儿发现他们的运动和噪音之间的联系。与幼儿交谈有关不同的声音对象的制作 - 比较不同鼓，钟声或摇动者的声音。
• Place shatterproof mirrors and infants' and toddlers' eye level. Describe their movements as they explore their own images.
• 进行感官!谈论味觉和嗅觉of bottles or food. Offer easy-to-clean chew toys with a variety of textures. Consider mats or soft spaces with different fabrics.
• 持有和摇滚婴儿和幼儿，以传达保证和舒适
• Play simple movement games like, "Row Your Boat", "Pat-a-Cake", and "How Big is Baby? Soooo Big."
• Extend the sounds and words used by infants and toddlers; for example, if a toddler says, "Me home," you might say, "You want to go home. After snack time, Daddy will be here to pick you up and go home."

Completing this Course

有关在本课程中的预期，认知发展的更多信息Competency Reflection, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Infant & Toddler Cognitive Development课程指南。

Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.