辅助标签

    Objectives:
    • 定义沟通并讨论其生命的重要性。
    • 反思您自己的想法和与沟通相关的经验。
    • 讨论关系如何促进婴儿和幼儿的沟通发展和学习。狗万app怎么下载

    Learn

    Learn

    知道

    我们是自然社会的生物,沟通在日常个人和专业生活中发挥着重要作用。当你想到“沟通”这个词时,想到了什么?也许你正在考虑“说话”或“说话”的话语。听?理解?身体语言,暗示?

    能够有效地沟通一个人的需求,感情和情绪对终身成功至关重要。有效的沟通有助于我们更好地了解人或情况,并使我们能够建立信任和尊重的关系,解决冲突,创造思想,问题解决和同理心可以蓬勃发展的环境。

    像沟通一样简单,我们努力与他人沟通的大部分事情 - 别人试图与我们沟通的东西 - 被误解。我们沟通和理解他人的能力取决于我们如何解释和发出含义我们所采取的信息。我们使用我们的感官来参加这些信息,包括听到别人所说的,看到肢体语言和体验情绪反应。然后,我们略有信息。当我们考虑我们解释和发出信息意义的事实时,沟通的挑战会发生在与人的方式不同。误解会导致个人和专业关系中的冲突和挫折。我们对信息意义的方式是我们早期经验,我们的信仰和价值观以及其他影响。暂停一下,并考虑自己生活中的情况,沟通似乎成功和不成功。您与这些情况相关联的感受是什么?沟通有效时,也许兴奋,满足或救济?当有效的沟通似乎难以实现时,令人沮丧,愤怒或失望?

    什么是沟通?

    有效的沟通不仅仅是信息交流;这是关于了解信息背后的情绪。全国专业教学标准委员会将沟通定义为“人类使用的工具,以满足其身体,社会,情感需求”(2012年,第27页)。有效沟通的目标是在思维和思维之间找到平衡感觉。这种平衡涉及传达您的想法,而不会让信息背后的情绪接管。

    有效的沟通涉及品种技能,包括非语言通信,积极的聆听,情感意识和管理压力的能力。可以通过口语,以及通过面部表情,手势,动作,姿势和触摸来实现通信。图片,图像和书面符号是通信的手段。无论方法,有效的沟通都可以帮助支持和改进关系,团队合作,决策和解决问题。据研究人员罗伯特·斯蒂尔曼和Ellin Siegel-Changy(1989),人们因不同的原因沟通:

    • To affect another person’s behavior
    • 提供信息
    • 传达思想和感受
    • 为了与某人互动的纯粹社会理由

    有些原因youengage in communication with other individuals in your daily life?

    婴儿和幼儿的沟通看起来像什么?

    Infants are born ready to interact and communicate! Even before they have the abilities and skills to interpret and speak words, they are attentive to sounds, facial expressions, and the world around them. For example, infants will gaze into the eyes of their caregivers and take their turn in a conversation, such as “cooing” back and forth. Infants are intentional about communication and able to communicate specific desires and needs. Their intentionality is seen through the use of gestures, eye contact, and persistent attempts to communicate a request, such as crying when hungry. Infants quickly realize that when they make a noise, people respond. When caregivers are consistently responsive to an infant’s cries, the infant begins to trust this means of communication because his needs are being met.

    婴儿还通过非语言参与线索与护理人员沟通。婴儿可能会通过联系照顾者来沟通他们的愿望和留意。护理人员可能会看到婴儿的眼睛睁大了,微笑或转向护理人员。婴儿还使用脱离线索来沟通,他们已准备好从互动中休息。脱离线索包括呜咽,皱眉,后拱,转身或增加吸吮速度。

    As infants grow older, they begin to babble and talk. They understand words used in combination with their caregiver’s gestures, tone and facial expressions. Close to 18 months of age, toddlers begin to use action words that express what they see or want, such as “me go,” or “boots on.” They also continue to physically express their needs and wants; what they do physically is just as important as what they actually say. “No,” and “mine,” are words toddlers use to assert themselves and take control over their world. Asserting independence is an early and important step toward becoming his or her own person. Toddlers are also experimenting with and beginning to learn the basics of grammar. For example, a 32-month-old might say, “I taked a nap today.” Toddlers can continue to understand how language works as their caregivers respond with the correct form, such as, “Oh, yes! You took a nap today. You were feeling quite sleepy.”

    Learning to communicate and use language is one of children’s tasks during the first three years of life. As an infant and toddler caregiver, you play an important role in supporting the development of and the enjoyment in this process.

    Relationships: How It All Happens

    关系影响婴儿发展的所有领域,包括沟通。例如,它是通过关系,例如,婴儿和幼儿学会在哭泣时会发生什么,笑或吓到脸。通过这些一致,适当和个性敏感的互动,婴儿学会如何相信他们的照顾者,分享情绪,回应和规范强烈的情绪,并了解与某些情感相关的面部表情和语音(史密斯,2005)。婴幼儿基于从敏感的护理人员收到的一致和竞争护理,以及通过这些关系,他们学会了解他们的交际和社会互动的理解和建立技能。

    See

    沟通:介绍

    Watch this video to learn about the importance of communication for individuals’ lives

    婴儿和幼儿观看并倾听周围的人。沟通和语言开发需要其他发展领域,例如视觉技能,思维技能和记忆,并且为其发展和学习提供了大大贡献。狗万app怎么下载婴儿和幼儿学会不仅通过使用的单词沟通,而是通过你的事情以及如何做事,例如持有和对他们微笑。花点时间审查下面列出的策略,突出了支持婴儿和幼儿的沟通的方法:

    • 触摸,搂抱,并唱歌给婴儿和幼儿
    • 当您命名它们时指向对象
    • 持有和摇滚婴儿和幼儿,以传达保证和舒适
    • 邀请婴儿和幼儿在唱歌和分享幼儿园押韵时发出声音。学习一些简单的押韵,如“HICKORY DICKORY DOCK”,“HUMPTY DUMPTY”,以及“嘿迪德斗”。唱出简单的运动歌曲,如“拍蛋糕”,“行,行,划船”,“在哪里是尖关?”,和“Itsy的斑点蜘蛛”。
    • 扩展婴儿和幼儿使用的声音和单词;例如,如果一个幼儿说,“我回家”,你可能会说,“你想回家。在零食之后,爸爸将在这里接你回家。“

    Completing this Course

    For more information on what to expect in this course, the Communication & Language DevelopmentCompetency Reflection, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Infant & Toddler Communication & Language Development课程指南.

    请注意,每个课程结束时的引用和资源部分概述了参考源和资源,以查找有关所涵盖主题的其他信息。当您完成课程时,您预计不会审查所有可用的在线参考。但是,欢迎您进一步探索资源,如果您有兴趣或培训师,教练或管理员的要求进一步探索资源。

    Explore

    Explore

    How doyoudefine communication? What are your views on your own abilities to communicate? Download and print theExploring Communication讲义。花几分钟才能阅读并回复这些问题。然后,与培训师,教练或主管分享并讨论您的回复。

    申请

    申请

    婴儿和幼儿提供了可以帮助您理解他们试图沟通的内容以及如何应对的提示。所有幼儿都有不同的,并将开发自己的方式来传达他们的需求和需求。为了帮助您进一步认识您的护理中婴儿和幼儿的线索,打印出讲义,提示沟通, and write down what you notice. Then, share and discuss your responses with a trainer, coach, or supervisor. If you need some ideas, you can download and review the Sample Cues Communicate handout.

    词汇表

    学期 Description
    Communication The process of exchanging information

    Demonstrate

    Demonstrate
    评估:

    第一季度

    完成这一陈述:如果一个幼儿说,“我今天吃了一只小吃,”你应该......

    第二季

    对或错?照顾者和婴儿和幼儿之间的关系不会影响孩子沟通的沟通方式。

    第三季

    婴儿如何与护理人员沟通?

    References & Resources:

    Berk,L. E.(2013)。Child development(9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

    Bernstein,D. K.,&Levey,S。(2002)。语言发展:审查。在D. K.Bernstein&E. Tieberman-Farber(EDS。),Language and Communication Disorders in Children(第5版,第27-94页)。波士顿:Allyn&Bacon

    Brazelton,T.B.,Koslowski,B.,&Main,M。(1972)。互惠的起源:早期母婴互动。在M. Lewis&L.A. Rosenblum(EDS。),The effect of the infant on its caregiver(第49-76页)。纽约:Wiley-Interscience。

    国家幼儿教育协会(2015年)。用婴儿和幼儿系。https://www.nayc.org/dap/infants-and-toddlers.

    欧文斯,R.E.(2005)。语言发展:介绍(第6届)。Boston: Pearson Education Inc.

    史密斯,A。D.(2005)。语言的推论传输。Adaptive Behavior, 13(4),311-324。

    斯蒂尔曼,R.,&Siegel-Changy,E。(1989)。非敏捷沟通简介。在E. Siegel-Mighty&D.猜测(EDS。),提高具有严重残疾学习者的非键沟通互动(第1-13页)。巴尔的摩,MD:Paul H. Brookes。

    Trawick-Smith,J. W.(2014)。Early Childhood Development: A Multicultural Perspective,(第6届)。上鞍河,新泽西:皮尔逊教育公司

    零到三(2015)。支持您孩子的沟通技巧。http://www.zerotothree.org/early-care-education/early-language-literacy/communication-skills.html.