婴儿天生就有探索和理解周围世界的本能。他们是好奇的探险家,他们想知道事物是如何和为什么以这样的方式运作的。他们天生的好奇心和创造力通过与家人和照顾者建立良好的关系得到增强和支持。本课程将进一步探讨和定义婴儿和幼儿的创造力,并提供机会思考创造力对婴儿、幼儿和成人的重要性。
Secondary tabs
- Define creativity and examine the importance of creativity in your own life.
- 描述婴儿和幼儿的创造力。
- 认识到创造力对婴儿和幼儿发展的重要性。
学
知道
想想“创造力;”这个词这对你意味着什么?你能想到一段时间,当你完全“在盒子外面”或问自己“时,”我是创意吗?“你年轻的时候怎么样,你喜欢想象力吗?绘画,绘画或制作游戏面团杰作怎么样?在我们的待办事项清单和匆忙的时刻,有些时光量将我们的思想视为操场,并自由而创造性地思考。
一些人认为创造力是找到方法来表达self openly and without judgment. When adults are open to expressing themselves and creating and exploring things based on their personal experiences and feelings, they are better able to support young children to do the same. Being creative does not mean you need to be a well-known artist or a great chef. Being creative means you are open to expressing yourself and investigating the world around you. It can also mean you work to find a new and better way of answering a question or solving a problem. Be it daydreaming, planning, changing - creativity can show itself in all people in different ways in everyday life.
以下是您可能会考虑的可能想法,如果您发现自己需要创造力:
- 问问自己,“如果......怎么办?”而不是说“我不知道”。或“我不能。”
- Take a different route to work or listen to a different radio station or music.
- 锻炼以获得新鲜的、新的想法——体育活动有助于激发新的思维模式!
- 阅读书籍或观看有关您欣赏的创造力的人的课程。
What is Creativity?
Consider the following opinions that have been offered about creativity or creative individuals:
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“创造性是指能够创作出新颖的(别人以前没有想到的)和适当的(在某些方面合理或有用的)作品的能力。”(Berk, 2000, p. 349);
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“创造力就是让自己犯错。“艺术就是知道要保留什么”(亚当斯,1996年在Kauffman,P.20);
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“我认为,对生活各方面的好奇,仍是伟大的创意人士的秘密”(利奥·伯内特);
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"Creativity requires the courage to let go of certainties"(Erich Fromm).
What words stand out to you as you read the above quotes? How do you define creativity or creative individuals?
正如你所见,创造力对不同的人有不同的含义。然而,创造力是存在于每个人身上的特质!迈克尔科顿博士通过他的研究证明,所有的人都是与生俱来的独特的,创造性的方式;这是我们可以培养和培养的性格。我们必须简单地理解,一个人的创造方式不同于其他人;我们都是独一无二的。因此,重要的是要开始思考“如何”一个人是创造性的,而不是“如果”一个人是创造性的(Cropley,2001)。
据学校技术顾问Doug Johnson(2012年),可以以多种方式证明创造力:
- 作为作家、演讲者和讲故事的人
- As numeric problem-solvers
- As graphic artists through drawing, painting, sculpting, photography, and designing
- 作为运动员和舞者在口碑上
- 作为音乐家创作新作品、表演和指挥
- As humorists in all media
- 作为团队建设者和合作者
- 作为问题解决者
- 作为发明人和系统创新者
- As leaders who organize, motivate, and inspire
- 作为借口制造者
在“学习”部分结束时,下载并打印讲义Creatively Speakingto access video links to watch and listen to some great thinkers share their views on creativity.
Creativity in Infants and Toddlers
对于婴儿和幼儿,创造力是关于在培育和反应性关系的背景下支持的积极探索,自我表达和实验。虽然年轻婴儿不能用剪刀削减或创造自己的短篇小说,但他们可以积极地聘请他们的环境探索他们的环境,以了解如何工作,品味,气味,感受和声音。
婴儿模仿他们从成人照顾者看到的面部表情和行动。他们记得他们看到了很多,感觉和听到。随着年龄的增长,他们的技能进一步发展,您将注意到婴儿和幼儿重新创建其经验。例如,一个婴儿从瓶子里喝酒而被她的照顾者轻轻地摇晃,可能会举起一个娃娃,假装使用瓶子喂娃娃。
Older infants and toddlers benefit from their growing physical and language skills which support their imaginative play and creativity. They display moments of pure focus as they explore places, combine materials and try out their new ideas. You might see a toddler, for example, singing and dancing to music or using different voices while playing with animals.
婴儿和幼儿的创造力是通过培养和反应关系来支持的。有了这种类型的护理,婴儿和蹒跚学步的孩子感到安全,可以自由探索他们的环境,发挥他们的想象力。他们学会相信他们的照顾者会重视和接受他们表达自己的方式,并尝试他们的新想法。下面是一个图表,突出了你可能从婴儿和幼儿身上看到的与创造力有关的不同行为:
创造性行为
幼儿
- 看着对比和彩色的物体
- Notices facial expressions
- Looks at pictures and mirror images
- 注意纹理的差异
- Turns head toward pleasant sounding musical toy, mobile or voice
流动婴儿
- Chooses colored crayons to make marks on a piece of paper
- Responds to music and attempts to clap hands together
- 在锅或平底锅上轰击一把木勺
- 假装用瓶子喂娃娃
幼儿
- Explores torn paper
- 唱歌和跳舞音乐
- Sets the table while playing in the house area
- 要点并使用单词来描述图片
- 使用“玩面团”创建三维作品
Importance of Creativity, Active Exploration and Inquiry
Infants and toddlers learn from everything they do. They are naturally curious and have a drive to explore and discover. With the right amount of support and encouragement, infants and toddlers feel safe to explore and become curious, creative and adventurous learners.
随着婴儿和幼儿探索,他们的目标仍然简单 - 通过探索和利用此刻提供的机会来了解世界。婴儿和幼儿致力于了解事情的工作以及他们可以做些什么。创建过程比产品或最终结果更重要。创建时没有正确或错误。
婴幼儿必须有机会模仿和创造反映自己经历、想法和感受的时刻。通过培养他们天生的好奇心,并提供参与各种创造性体验和活动的机会,您正在帮助婴幼儿培养技能,他们将能够:
- 分享想法,并口头和非易性地表达他们的故事和播放虚构游戏有助于支持沟通技巧
- Express thoughts and feelings - pretend play for toddlers, for example, offers an opportunity for toddlers to be anyone they want, practice skills they have watched and learned, and explore different emotions
- 问题解决——研究人员发现,年轻时富有想象力的孩子,随着年龄的增长,往往会保持这种品质,成为更好的问题解决者
- 建立关系并与他人建立联系
看
做
您可以为展示您认识并欣赏他们的创造力的婴儿和幼儿可以做很多事情:
- Make eye contact with and smile at infants and toddlers.
- 提供开放式发现、探索和实验的机会——鼓励他们作为过程的一部分做出努力。例如,允许幼儿随心所欲地玩积木,而不是鼓励他们建立特定的结构。
- 描述他们的创造力和你所注意到的。例如,当一个婴儿看着镜子说:“你在这儿!这是萨利美丽的脸!”
- 当你在房间里走来走去或在户外时,与婴儿和蹒跚学步的孩子交谈和分享你听到的、看到的等等。”你转过头去看那棵树。是的,有一只鸟在为我们叽叽喳喳地唱歌。我也听到了。”
- 为他们的想法,探索和反应提供尽可能多的时间为婴儿和幼儿提供尽可能多的时间。
完成本课程
For more information on what to expect in this course, the Creative Expression能力反思以及在课堂上提供的随附的学习,探索和应用资源和活动的列表,访问婴儿和幼儿创造性表达课程指南。
请注意,每节课结束时的参考资料和资源部分概述了参考资料和资源,以查找有关所涵盖主题的其他信息。当你完成课程时,你不需要复习所有的在线参考资料。但是,如果您有兴趣,或应培训师、教练或管理员的要求,欢迎您进一步探索这些资源。
Explore
下载并打印讲义,创造性特征,这概述了您在考虑婴儿和幼儿如何表达创造力时可以问自己。回答问题,然后与培训师,教练或主管分享您的思想和回复。
以下链接与活动文档中的部分相关,并链接到此处以方便您使用。在你看了一些推荐的视频后,花点时间思考并回答创造性演讲附件中的问题。
通过观看一些这些推荐的视频来激发自己的创造力:
- Ken Robinson,一个有远见的文化领导者和创造力专家,本书的作者是元素:如何找到你的激情改变一切都会给出一个题为“学校如何杀死创造力”的谈话。http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity.html
- Elizabeth Gilbert, the author of Eat, Pray, Love, gives a talk entitled “Your Elusive Creative Genius.”http://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_gilbert_on_genius.html.
- Tim Brown, CEO of the innovation design firm IDEO, gives a talk entitled “Tales of Creativity and Play.”http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_brown_on_creatify_and_play.html.
- David Kelley, the founder of design firm IDEO, who helped create many icons of the digital generation, gives a talk entitled “How to Build Your Creative Confidence.”http://www.ted.com/talks/david_kelley_how_to_build_your_creative_confidence.html
- 你还可以在播放列表“the Creative Spark”下找到10段视频http://www.ted.com/playlists/11/the_creative_spark.html.
申请
Curiosity and exploration are constant for infants and toddlers! They become increasingly fascinated by the world and those around them which offers opportunities for their creativity and imaginations to grow and develop. Download and print the handout,Noticing Infant and Toddler Creativity。Take time to observe the infants and toddlers in your care and write down what you notice that fits with the characteristics on the attachment. Share your thoughts and responses with a trainer, coach, or supervisor.
证明
Berk, L. E. (2000).儿童发展(5th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
克罗普利,A。J(2001).Creativity in education and learning: A guide for teachers and educators.Abingdon, Oxon, England: Routledge Falmer.
James, K. (2010). Sensori-motor experience leads to changes in visual processing in the developing brain.发展科学,13,279-288。
Johnson, D. (2012).在每个学习者中开发创造力。库媒体连接,31(2),44-46。
Kaufman, J. C. (Ed.). (2009).创造力101.。Springer Publishing Company.
科顿,m . j .(1999)。手动:科顿Adaption-Innovation Inventory. (3rd ed.). Hatfield, UK: Occupational Research Centre.
Robinson, Ken (2009).The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything.纽约:企鹅集团。
Russ, S. W., & Schafer, E. D. (2006). Affect in fantasy play, emotion in memories, and divergent thinking.Creativity Research Journal,13,211-219。
泽文,J(2013).Creative Teaching for All: In the Box, Out of the Box, and Off the Walls。Lanham,Md.: Rowman&Littlefield。