你知道吗

当室外游戏空间适合孩子的年龄时，监督就更容易了。本课程第二课介绍了与室外环境、设备和材料有关的具体安全实践。这节课涉及婴儿和幼儿在户外时的监督。监督户外活动类似于监督室内活动。它包括：

• 积极观察和预测孩子们n’s behavior
• Predicting and assessing hazards in the environment
• Interacting with infants and toddlers during play and learning

监督不应限制到婴幼儿不能自由探索和学习。为了保护孩子们的安全，老师有时会过分保护他们。这会损害他们的自我能力、自我意识、社会认同以及与同龄人交往的发展。

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过渡期间的监督

Transitioning infants and toddlers from indoors to outdoors and back indoors involves precise accounting. There are so many opportunities, especially for toddlers, to get separated from the group during transitions. Always do name-to-face counts before leaving and upon arrival at your destination. Take frequent counts of children in your supervision zone. That means you are positioned in a certain location or zone while on the playground. Share that number with your co-teachers for their zones and compare to attendance records for that day. You can never take too many head counts when transitioning infants and toddlers.

Supervising Active Learners

婴幼儿是积极的学习者。他们用他们所有的感官来理解周围的世界。他们想看、摸、闻、尝这一切，尽可能地学习一切。孩子们在户外接触到的东西和在室内看到的东西大不相同。

Infants and toddlers will lick, taste and bite everything in their path, most of which isn’t meant to be licked, tasted or bitten. Understand that toddlers and mobile infants learn through oral exploration and don’t yet know what is not to be mouthed. Careful observation will help you know which children need to be supervised more closely.

Children who love to climb need you to cheer them on and be ready to catch them if they misstep or lose their grip. Little riders who have discovered the joy of a push tricycle may need you to help them steer and stop and to keep other children out of the way.

Supervising Outdoor Environments

带婴幼儿到户外活动的一个积极影响是，它可以让他们练习运动技能，比如在不同的表面上爬行、行走、跑步和保持平衡。它们会在不熟悉的表面绊倒，尤其是在学习走路和跑步时。了解每个孩子的技能水平可以帮助你知道何时何地在监督下格外勤奋。狗万app怎么下载

Children have access to different materials and equipment outdoors. Each child is different; some require more supervision some require less. Each area on the playground and each type of activity requires a different level of supervision. In other words, supervision must vary according to the needs of each child, experience, and activity. Never depend on toddlers to keep themselves safe or to follow the safety rules.

Outdoor supervision requires you to continuously scan and move through the environment. Having supervision zones is an effective way to ensure that the entire environment is covered.

监督涉及互动

监督包括照顾者与环境和玩耍的儿童互动。享受户外时光。看到孩子们的新发现一定要兴奋。交谈，欢笑，鼓励积极参与，并参与他们的探索，同时保持他们的安全。

监督和比率

Maintaining ratios and group sizes is just as critical for outdoor play and learning as it is for indoor play and learning. Outdoor environments provide freedom to roam and discover. This freedom to roam around a less-structured environment with more hazards requires keener observation skills and the ability to see potential hazards. Follow yourPUBLICprogram'sprocedures for contacting your supervisor if you need emergency assistance while you are outdoors.

观看下面的视频，观察老师在孩子们在户外时为保护他们的安全而采取的监督策略。

观察户外监督策略

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如果您准备通过比率和户外监督实践来促进婴幼儿的安全，您应该能够做出以下声明。

在比率和监督方面，我总是采用以下策略：

• I prepare the environment and equipment.
• I plan supervision zones.
• 我准备任何特殊的交流tivities or materials ahead of time.
• I remember sunscreen, the attendance list, coats, tissues, and other necessary supplies.
• 我不断地移动和扫描，寻找安全和健康隐患。
• I encourage active engagement and participate in exploration.
• I provoke conversations, ask questions, and answer questions.
• 我提供设备，道具和材料，以扩大和提高户外机会。

Summary

Lack of supervision contributes to 45 percent of playground injuries involving children of all ages. (National Safe Kids USA Playground Safety Institute, 2011). As with indoor environments, examined in Lesson Three, promoting safety and maintaining ratios for children in outdoor play environments is important for their safety, development and learning.