“人际关系和关系对关系的影响，是健康发展的构建块。” -2000年国家研究委员会

知道

在过去的几天里思考。你回忆中有什么情绪？你还记得感到快乐，悲伤，愤怒，恐惧或害怕或不安，因为接受新闻或谈话或论证？现在考虑您当时的感受可能会影响您与他人的一些社交互动或关系。

情绪影响我们是谁，它们影响我们的行为、行动和与他人的互动。想想你快乐的时光。这些感觉是如何影响你的行为，反过来又影响你的互动？想想你伤心、生气或不安的时候。你怎么知道的那些feelings influence your behaviors and interactions?

Labeling, identifying, and managing emotions are essential skills for our meaningful and successful participation in life experiences, both in our professional and personal lives. Difficulty managing emotions can cause frustration and disappointment, and can strongly influence our relationships with others and our overall quality of life.

What is Social-Emotional Development?

花点时间思考社交情绪的发展意味着什么。想到了什么？您如何向您支持的家庭解释社交情感发展？

“开发”最初意味着“展开”这个词可以理解和视觉思想在孩子最早的几年里发生的事情。在生命的前三年内发育变化很快。新技能不断出现婴儿和幼儿，改变他们与世界的方式以及与周围人民的互动。下面，我们突出了5个社会和情感发展的关键组成部分。重要的是要认识到婴儿和幼儿刚刚开始建立这些能力。我们不应该指望婴儿或幼儿拥有先进的自我意识或决策技能，而是知道幼儿在一条道路上，他们的家庭和看护人的指导，获取这些技能。

根据学术，社会和情感学习（Casel）的协作，社会和情感发展（也称为社交情绪学习）包括以下五个核心组件：狗万app怎么下载

When a toddler wants to climb and moves to the classroom climber instead of pulling him or herself up on the snack table, he or she has displayed some early responsible decision-making.

社会情感发展of Children

据“零到三”认为，“在家庭、社区、文化背景下，社会和情感健康是孩子形成安全关系、体验和调节情绪、探索学习的发展能力。”

孩子们开始在出生时发展社交情感技能。婴儿开始向他们的照顾者的声音转向他们的护理人员，朝着他们的照顾者和咕咕抱着，哭泣让他们的照顾者知道他们需要一些东西。他们的情绪信号，如微笑，哭泣或展示兴趣和关注，强烈影响他人的行为。同样，他人的情绪反应会影响儿童的社会行为。随着儿童成熟和发展，他们的社交情绪化技能变得越来越依心，他们的看护人员需求所需的需求，并更为集中在参加日常生活并与朋友和照顾者享受经验。

The early childhood years are a critical time for the formation of positive feelings toward oneself, others, and the larger world. When children are encouraged, nurtured and accepted by adults and peers, they are more likely to be well adjusted. On the contrary, children who are neglected, rejected or abused are at risk for social and mental health challenges.

儿童在与他们的主要护理人员和家人和文化中的关系中发展社交情感技能。考虑我们的社会是多么多样。您可以想象，这种多样性也以不同文化的家庭教导儿童管理情绪，社交和与他人参与的方式表达。例如，在一些文化中，教导儿童以避免眼神接触。对于其他培养，眼神接触是社会互动的重要组成部分。文化也影响育儿实践以及个人如何应对情绪，包括处理压力和应对逆境。

Family priorities affect social-emotional competence. For example, some families might place a high value on talking about emotions and expressing them as they occur, whereas other families may value doing the opposite. As an infant or toddler caregiver, you must be sensitive and respectful of individual differences in social-emotional development when engaging with children in your care and their families.

What Does Social-Emotional Development Look Like in Infants and Toddlers?

社会互动早期开始。研究表明，婴儿认识并更喜欢自己母亲的嗅觉，触摸和声音。婴儿还通过模仿护理人员的面部表情与他人显示与他人的联系。通过模仿，婴儿表现出了对重要照顾者的认识。

Rewarding early social experiences helps support the next level of social development. For example, secure relationships with trusted adults, who provide a sense of safety and a base for the toddler’s exploration and discoveries, support toddlers’ exploration of new objects and places. When encountering something unfamiliar, the toddler can look to a trusted adult and depend on the adult’s emotions for guidance about how to respond. The adult’s reaction influences the toddler’s feelings about the situation and provides information about how to move forward.

Within the context of trusting relationships, infants and toddlers also begin to develop self-regulation and initiative skills. When infants’ and toddlers’ needs are consistently met with help from adult caregivers, they learn they are cared about and loved.

课程进一步描述了社会情感发展，并详细介绍了婴儿和幼儿的方式。很明显，发展与年轻孩子出生（自然）的特征以及他或她的经历（培养）的特征有关。

成年人护理人员社会情感幸福影响婴儿和蹒跚学步的社交情绪发展

关系是婴儿和幼儿发展的核心。与家庭和护理人员的早期互动对整个生命的发展有持久的影响。婴儿和幼儿不仅受到与成年人关系的影响，他们受到成年人彼此相对的影响。

母亲和父亲以及家中的其他主要成年护理人员以及在孩子的发展中发挥着关键作用，每个关系都对婴儿和幼儿的发展有影响。婴儿和幼儿也与那些在家庭之外的一致基础上关心他们的人形成关系。婴儿和幼儿与护理人员的关系的方式以与家庭关系发展的类似方式。例如：

• Infants and toddlers show specific relationship behaviors to caregivers when they feel stressed.
• Infants and toddlers need caregivers to respond to them in a responsive and sensitive manner.
• 婴幼儿在与照顾者的关系中学会如何信任他人，调节他们的情绪。

Therefore, infants’ and toddlers’ social-emotional development is dependent upon the social-emotional well-being of his or her family and adult caregivers. Adults who have positive relationships and life experiences are often better prepared to be responsive and emotionally available to an infant or toddler. When adults are emotionally available, they can more easily recognize infants’ or toddlers’ cues and respond appropriately to children’s needs. This level of responsiveness helps support a young child’s healthy development, including social-emotional development.

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社会情感发展：导论

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Infants and toddlers need the support of nurturing and responsive adults to develop socially and emotionally. Below are ways you can promote social-emotional development in the infants and toddlers in your care:

• 深情和培养。
• 经常轻轻地握住，摇滚和拥抱婴儿和幼儿。
• 在日常生活中，如喂食和进食，与婴幼儿分享微笑。
• 使用面部表情、手势和文字，对婴幼儿的交流尝试作出认真的反应。
• Offer opportunities for communication and help guide infants and toddlers through social situations—young children enjoy watching others learn to socialize through experiences that are supported by caring adults.
• Offer infants and toddlers opportunities to watch you as a kind and caring person.
• Help infants and toddlers learn words to describe and express their emotions.
• 帮助婴儿和幼儿感到安全可靠。

完成本课程

欲了解本课程的更多信息，社会与情感发展能力反思, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Infant & Toddler Social & Emotional DevelopmentCourse Guide。

请注意引用和参考资料部分the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.