回想给你的童年。你能想到你觉得完全安全的时候吗？持有这个地方的形象或你脑海中的经验。你看到了什么？你听到了什么？你闻到什么？你觉得什么感觉？它唤起了什么情绪？谁跟你在一起？他们做了什么让你感到安全？

For some of us, this might be an easy exercise. Some childhoods were full of safe and happy memories from which to choose. For others of us, though, this exercise is challenging. There might be few times when we experienced a feeling of complete safety, and those times might be shaded by memories of other, uncomfortable or scary experiences or events. All of us, regardless of our backgrounds, likely feel a sense of gratitude toward those people and places who helped us feel safe.

越来越多的证据表明,这些妈妈ents, these relationships, these safe places where we feel loved and protected can make all the difference in our lives. Consider Sara’s story:

萨拉的故事让我们想起几个重要的想法。首先，所有的父母都非常爱他们的孩子，并且尽了最大的努力。当我们开始与家庭合作时，记住这一点很重要。第二，即使在最困难的关系中，亲子关系也很牢固——孩子爱他们的父母。第三，历史不是命运：被虐待的孩子长大后并不都虐待自己的孩子。第四，无条件的爱对孩子的生活有很大的影响。很容易想象，萨拉可能也有很多人支持她，帮助她成功。来自父母的爱是至关重要的，但是大家庭、邻居、老师、社会工作者和咨询师都可以为安全、稳定和培养关系做出贡献。

显然，关系是孩子生命中的第一个也是最重要的基础。萨拉与她的父母有关系，但她也可能与她周围的其他成年人有很强的关系：教师，教练或邻居。这些关系帮助Sara从她遇到的挑战中反弹。作为一个计划领导者，您有一个重要的机会，以确保每个孩子都有像Sara这样的有意义的关系。您帮助工作人员与您的计划中的儿童建立安全的关系。对于孩子与周围的成年人建立联系永远不会太早或太晚了。这些关系有助于儿童将成年人视为可信赖的数据。孩子们提醒成年人关心他们，可以帮助需要帮助。关系也有助于员工深深地了解每个孩子，并帮助他们在每个孩子的最佳利益方面采取行动。这包括采取重要措施，以防止儿童滥用和忽视您的计划。

你还记得课程的虐待儿童的Identification and Reporting, child abuse and neglect can be institutional as well as familial. This means child abuse and neglect can happen in your program. This lesson will review the concept of institutional abuse and neglect. The remaining lessons in this course will help you learn specific strategies for preventing child abuse and neglect in your program.

您已经完成了识别和报告儿童虐待和忽视的课程，并且您将在整个职业生涯中继续对这一主题进行定期的专业发展。让我们谨花一些时刻审查儿童虐待和忽视的主要定义。

What is Child Abuse and Neglect?

联邦法律定义儿童虐待和忽视：

任何最近的行为或未能采取父母或看护人的行动，导致死亡，严重的身体或情绪伤害，性虐待或剥削，或行为或未能采取行动，这提出了迫在眉睫的危害风险。

Source: Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-320), § 3.

The Department of Defense (DoDD 6400.1, 2004) defines child abuse and neglect as follows:

Child abuse and neglect includes physical injury, sexual maltreatment, emotional maltreatment, deprivation of necessities or combinations for a child by an individual responsible for the child's welfare under circumstances indicating that the child's welfare is harmed or threatened. The term encompasses both acts and omissions on the part of a responsible person. A child is a person under 18 years of age for whom a parent, guardian, foster parent, caretaker, employee of a residential facility or any staff person providing out-of-home care is legally responsible. The term child means a natural child, adopted child, stepchild, foster child or ward. The term also includes an individual of any age who is incapable for self-support because of a mental or physical incapacity and for whom treatment in a medical treatment facility is authorized.

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesMIL以及军人家庭宣传计划，虐待儿童虐待和忽视通常落入这四类之一：

Who Commits Child Abuse and Neglect?

虐待和忽视儿童的人可以来自各行各业。一些危险因素与某人可能遭受虐待或忽视的可能性增加有关。其中包括：

• Drug and alcohol abuse
• Difficulties controlling emotions, words, or behaviors
• 严苛的纪律
• 精神健康问题
• Little knowledge of child development
• 儿童虐待史

当父母，监护人或家庭成员被虐待或忽视儿童时，它被称为家庭虐待。这种类型的滥用通常发生在孩子的家中。

When a child is abused or neglected by someone else in a supervisory role (like a teacher, coach, or community member), it is called institutional or out-of-home abuse. The Department of Defense is committed to making sure each and every child is safe while in its programs. The remainder of this course will focus on ways to make sure children are never mistreated in your program. You will learn frameworks, strategies, and supports for helping to make this happen.

什么是制度虐待和忽视？

Institutional abuse or neglect occurs outside the home in community or private settings. This type of abuse or neglect is also known as “out-of-home” or “extra-familial” abuse or neglect.MIL在本课程的其余部分，机构滥用将指虐待或忽视，可能发生在国防部的设施，计划或活动部门。本课程将侧重于儿童开发中心，家庭育儿家庭，赞助的外地旅行和学龄儿童护理计划中可能出现的滥用或忽视。万博体育下载官方网站但请记住，该机构滥用也可以在安装家庭作业或计算机中心，指导或辅导计划，体育计划，教堂计划，侦察兵，士气福利和娱乐计划，青少年中心和青年方案中。这种类型的滥用通常涉及一个儿童和一个成年人，就像教师，照顾者或志愿者一样。

在中心设置中如何防止儿童虐待和忽视？

在本课程中遵循的课程将描述预防童工虐待和忽视的具体策略。尽管如此，请参加一些时刻思考自己，以及如何为您将与员工和儿童做的重要工作做好准备。想想你将如何进行（a）确保工作人员知道为什么以及如何形成与员工，儿童和家庭形成自己的债券的关系和（b）。考虑以下关系建设策略（Brewster＆Railsback，2003，PP。12-17）：

• Demonstrate honesty and integrity. You are a role model for the people in your program, so always act with sincerity and follow through on your commitments. It is important that staff members, families, and children know they can count on you to keep your word.
• 表明你关心。好奇，对走进课程的所有人感兴趣。
• Be accessible. Encourage open communication between yourself and staff members. Open your door. Walk around the program often. Say hello. When someone needs to talk to you, make the time.
• 促进和示范有效的沟通。积极倾听。正如史蒂芬·科维在《高效能人士的7个习惯》一书中所说，“首先寻求理解”。你将在交流课程中了解更多关于这些策略的知识。
• Involve staff in decision-making. Ask staff members’ about their views on the issues that affect them in the program. Work with management to set up systems that let staff members have a voice in program decisions.
• 庆祝实验和支持风险。为员工成员提供新想法的空间。
• 表达意见视图的价值。确保工作人员知道他们可以在不担心报复的情况下表达他们的意见。
• Reduce staff members’ sense of vulnerability. In your words and actions, support your staff members. Assume that they are working in the best interests of the children and seek to protect them from undeserved criticism.
• Ensure staff members have the resources they need. Staff members will trust you more when they know you are committed to helping them get what they need—and that you do so in a timely manner.

Next, understand that every person has strengths they can draw upon to prevent child abuse and neglect. These are known as protective factors. You learned about the Strengthening Families protective factors in the Child Abuse Identification and Reporting course. You can review the Protective Factors Framework by visitinghttps://cssp.org/our-work/projects/protective-factors-framework/。下表概述了与家庭在您的工作中重要的保护因素，因为您将学习，以您自己的努力来防止虐待儿童虐待和忽视中心环境。

The same protective factors that help families cope with challenges apply to all of us as adults. Let’s explore each of the protective factors and how they might apply to your work with staff members. This material has been adapted from the Preventing Child Maltreatment and Promoting Well-Being: A Network for Action 2013 Resource Guide by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

1. Adult resilience:We all need the ability to cope with the stresses of everyday life. In the context of this particular course, let’s think about the stresses associated with suspecting and reporting child abuse or neglect. Staff may feel stress that they are unable to protect a child. They may feel stress over their relationship with the family. They may feel stress about their reputation in the program or the program’s reputation in the community. The emotions staff feel may make them feel less capable of doing their jobs. Stress can reduce their capacity to think creatively, be patient, problem solve, and try new skills – all strategies that are necessary in child development and school-age programs. The stress might make a staff member feel less capable of doing their job or less capable of protecting children. The stress may reduce their capacity to cope with the stresses of work and their own family lives. Each one of us has strengths we can draw upon: faith, flexibility, humor, communication skills, problem-solving skills, mutually supportive caring relationships, or the ability to identify and access outside resources (https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/preventing/). 我们可以花时间来确保我们培养和扩大自己和他人的这些优势。在你的节目中增加一些娱乐时间。互相鼓励。
2. 儿童发展知识:看起来很明显，但了解典型的儿童发展对工作人员至关重要。对儿童行为的不切实际的期望是儿童虐待和忽视的主要危险因素。定期与培训和课程专家一起检查，以确保工作人员需要他们需要的培训。还要确保所有课程材料都可用，最新。当你看到不切实际的期望，进步和律师的工作人员。与培训师分享您的观察，因此您可以共同努力，帮助工作人员增加他或她的知识。在一个压力的情况下，这种知识有助于工作人员保持冷静，认识到儿童发展，并创造一个受教育的时刻。您将在遵循的课程中了解更多信息。
3. Social connections:研究表明，强大的社会联系促进了健康，健康和长寿。帮助工作人员与彼此建立强有力的关系和家庭。计划工作人员活动：庆祝活动，膳食和郊游。花时间互相了解并建立信任。还要确保工作人员可以与其他成年人交谈时有一段时间。确保每个人都获得他们所需要的休息，并且在每天某个点都有时间放松和连接。这将帮助您更好地完成工作。
4. Concrete supports:We all need tools to help us do our jobs. It is OK—and important—to ask for help when it is needed. You are a resource for the staff members in your program. You know the expectations for your program, you know the regulations, and you know the budget. Provide the supports staff members need when they need it. Maybe they need scheduling changes or staffing changes. Maybe they need funding for additional professional development or classroom supplies. Know your staff members and help meet their needs. Also remember that they are not immune to stress outside of work, too. They might be experiencing any number of stressors at home. Seek out and use community resources, whether it’s assistance with filing taxes, finding quality health care, or job assistance for a spouse or partner.
5. Social and emotional competence of children:这是我们每天在儿童发展和学龄期计划中所做的工作的基础。在社会和指导课程中，你将学到更多关于这个主题的知识。现在，了解你的角色是帮助员工促进健康的人际关系、沟通技巧和自我表达。

这段视频将帮助你更深入地思考你在你的节目中每天使用的做法，以防止虐待和忽视儿童。

为您的计划设置愿景

So how do you become the type of program that builds adult resilience, promotes understanding of child and youth development, provides concrete supports in times of need, and helps children develop social and emotional competence? It starts by thinking critically about where you are now and setting a vision for the future. In the Explore section of this lesson, you will work on setting that vision.

完成本课程

For more information on what to expect in this course and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Management Child Abuse: Prevention课程指南。

为了支持您监督的直接护理工作人员或家庭儿童护理提供商的专业发展，您可以访问相应的课程指南：万博体育下载官方网站

• Infant & Toddler Child Abuse: Prevention课程指南
• Preschool Child Abuse: Prevention课程指南
• 学龄儿童虐待：预防课程指南
• Family Child Care Child Abuse: Prevention课程指南