Introduction

花一分钟的时间去思考自己的物理开发elopment. Did you excel at sports, or were you the last person chosen to be on a team? Was physical activity valued by your family? Was there something you always wanted to try but lacked the confidence to do so? Did you mature earlier or later than other kids your age? Do you think these experiences shaped your current feelings toward physical activity? While everyone develops at a different rate, how we feel about ourselves and our approach to physical activity are influenced by experiences that occur very early in our lives. Your program plays a pivotal role in shaping the way that children and youth approach physical activity.

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an adult between the ages of 18 and 64 needs at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity movement (like brisk walking) per week and muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days per week. However, Americans are less active in general than they once were. Regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health. It can help:

• Control your weight
• Reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease
• 降低2型糖尿病和代谢综合征的风险
• Reduce your risk of some cancers
• 加强你的骨骼和肌肉
• Improve your mental health and mood
• Improve your ability to do daily activities and prevent falls if you are an older adult
• 增加你的生活机会

Let’s explore each of these benefits of physical activity in more detail, giving you information to help your program promote wellness by supporting physical development of children and youth.

Understanding Physical Development

Physical development is one domain of development. It relates to the changes, growth and skill development of the body, including the brain, muscles and senses. Physical development is evident primarily ingross-motorandfine-motor技能。该se skills are essential to children’s overall health and wellness. Gross-motor skills involve the use of large muscles in the legs or arms, as well as general strength and stamina. Examples of such skills include jumping, throwing, climbing, running, skipping or kicking. Fine-motor skills involve the use of small muscles in the arms, hands, and fingers and are supported by advancements in perception. Examples of such skills include stringing beads, scribbling, cutting or drawing. Fine-motor skills enable children to perform a variety of self-help tasks such as using utensils or dressing themselves.

Children’s motor abilities develop as a result of physical development and growth. As their bodies mature over time, children progressively strengthen their muscles and become able to better control their bodies. Skill mastery and development, however, are also the result of brain growth and development. Consider a preschooler kicking a ball back and forth with a peer. This child must have acquired control over movement and muscles to be able to kick the ball. At the same time, the child also depends on vision to determine the location and direction in which to kick the ball and on hearing for instructions from a peer or caregiver. As children move through the school-age years, their bodies and minds become capable of increasingly more-complex movement patterns and experiences.

Physical Activity for Staff

身体健康

Physical activity enhances health and increases life expectancy by reducing the likelihood of obesity and disease. Small changes now can lead to big differences in the quality and duration of our lives in the future.

• Weight Management:Maintaining a healthy weight is one of the best ways you can take care of yourself because body weight impacts other aspects of one’s overall health. Obesity increases medical spending and decreases productivity, quality of life, and life expectancy. If recent trends were to continue, all adults would be overweight or obese by 2048. One in every three youth is overweight or obese, and overweight adolescents have a 70 percent chance of becoming overweight or obese adults, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Physical activity and a healthy diet are key to managing weight. Many people find it difficult to both eat well and exercise however, when coupled together, they are the best prescription for preventing disease and increasing longevity.
• Lower Rates of Disease:Managing your weight with healthy eating and activity lowers your rate of disease. The rates of heart disease, stroke and certain cancers are lower for people who are physically active. While heredity is a contributing factor to chronic disease, our lifestyle makes an equally large impact on our overall health. When it comes to disease, we can either take a proactive approach by eating well and regularly exercising or we can ignore the value of maintaining a healthy weight and wait for illness to strike. The prospect of one day being a burden to loved ones or being unable to care for yourself as you age is not what most people hope for in their futures. Incorporating physical activity into our daily routine boosts our ability to live longer, healthier lives.

精神健康

Physical activity not only affects our physical healthy, but it also has a great impact upon mental health as well. Physical activity reduces stress and improves mood. The ability to handle the ups and downs of life with a smile on our face may be just a walk away.

• Reduce Stress:压力可以是一个沉默的杀手。长期的压力水平与体重增加和疾病有关。有证据表明，最有害的脂肪围绕着我们的中间剧会可能是压力的结果。当人们强调时，食物往往成为所选药物。这导致了一个不健康的行为的模式，没有一个人来解决问题的根源 - 压力。虽然预计完全从您的生活中完全消除压力并不实用，但您可以减少您体验的压力，并消除其健康对身体活动的一些有害影响。活跃将减轻压力并提升生活。
• Improve Mood:跑步者已经知道很长一段时间，身体活动之间存在联系以及它们如何在情感上感受。“跑步者高”是一个术语，用于描述跑步者和其他运动员经验的兴奋，从事剧烈运动。这种情绪增强的运动结果是由于感觉良好的脑化学品释放。这些天然化学品是免费的，没有处方。其他一些好处包括：
  • Gain confidence.Meeting exercise goals or challenges, even small ones, can boost your self-confidence. Getting in shape can also make you feel better about your appearance.
  • Take your mind off worries.Exercise is a distraction that can get you away from the cycle of negative thoughts that feed anxiety and depression.
  • 获得更多的社交互动。Exercise may give you the chance to meet or socialize with others. Simply exchanging a friendly smile or greeting as you walk around the neighborhood can improve your mood.
  • Cope in a healthy way.Doing something positive to manage anxiety or depression is a healthy coping strategy. Trying to feel better by drinking alcohol, dwelling on how bad you feel, or hoping anxiety or depression will go away on its own can lead to worsening symptoms.

Cognitive Functioning

该re is more and more evidence that physical activity positively affects cognitive functioning. Physical activity is important in our early years of development to maximize learning opportunities and it remains essential as we age to ensure that our bodies and brains remain in top shape.

• Boosting Brainpower:促进儿童智力很重要youth. Studies show that physical activity can strengthen problem-solving and concentration skills, which improves academic performance. In recent years, schools have decreased recess and physical education in an attempt to dedicate more time to structured learning activities. Rather than decreasing or eliminating time specifically for physical activity, centers and schools should realize the value of activity and increase the amount of time that children are active. Children will experience increased concentration and class performance after letting out energy.
• 防止认知下降：Another benefit of remaining active throughout life is that it keeps our memory sharp and supports brain functioning as we age. This helps to prevent the cognitive decline of dementia, which we have a greater chance of experiencing as we age. Worldwide, one new case of dementia is detected every seven seconds. Cognitive decline is hard not only on the person experiencing it but it is also painful for those who assume caregiving roles. Though there is no cure for dementia, researchers have discovered that what is good for the heart is also good for the brain; physical activity enhances brain functioning. There is growing evidence that exercise may be an effective intervention for slowing down and perhaps preventing cognitive decline.

Importance of Physical Activity for Families

• 身体活跃在一起会很有趣的家庭。A long walk, hike, or bike ride can create meaningful memories for children and parents. Physical activity is also an inexpensive way for families to connect. Choosing to take the stairs together is free!
• When parents engage in physical activity, they experience health benefits。这些好处可能包括减肥和反面trol, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, and enhanced mental health. Parents pass these health benefits on to their children when they model physical activity and if the family is active together.

Importance of Physical Activity for Children

身体活跃的儿童更有可能保持健康的体重，睡眠更好，保持强烈的骨骼，并降低肥胖有关的疾病的风险。身体活跃的儿童也有更多的机会来发展肌肉力量和耐力。他们更有可能在他们的成长时对自己和他们的身体感到有信心（让我们搬家的孩子，2013年）。

身体活动还为儿童提供跨领域的学习。狗万app怎么下载滚动或拉开的婴儿扩大了对他周围世界的访问。他可以看看，触摸，品尝更广泛的物体。在水万博体育全站app坑里跳过的学龄前儿童正在探索物理学的概念。加入小组足球比赛的学龄儿童正在扩大她的社会联系。

儿童不活动的负面后果是鲜明的。孩子们是探险家，他们的大脑通过活动和运动发展。没有活跃的儿童更有可能在学校有行为问题或者在学术界有困难。

In Summary

Staff members are role models for the children in their care. It is important for children to see adults engaging in healthy habits like exercise. Children are more likely to participate in physical activities when they are surrounded by others who are interested and engaged.

With all of the compelling reasons to be physically active listed above, why is it so difficult to include more exercise in our daily routines? The answer differs for each individual, but in most cases a little encouragement is all it takes to take that first step. By creating an environment at your program that values wellness, you are influencing the health outcomes of the children, families, and staff that your program serves. The following lessons will:

• Provide a snapshot of physical development milestones for each age level your program serves
• Identify your role in supporting the physical development of children and youth
• 确定鼓励每个人参与更积极的生活方式的方法

您是您的计划的“首席健康官”。您是一个榜样，您可以为其他域设置一个例子。当您创建价值体育活动的文化时，您更有可能激励您的程序中的其他人来做同样的事情。通过将体力活动纳入程序的所有方面，您正在发送消息，这是一个健康的成长，学习和工作。

完成本课程

For more information on what to expect in this course and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Management Physical DevelopmentCourse Guide。

To support the professional development of the direct care staff members or family child care providers you oversee, you can access their corresponding Course Guides:

• 婴儿和蹒跚学步Physical DevelopmentCourse Guide
• 万博体育全站app学龄前的物理开发Course Guide
• 学龄儿童Course Guide
• Family Child Care Physical DevelopmentCourse Guide