你知道吗

During preschool, amazing changes happen in children's "thinking skills." Their memories are becoming stronger-they often remember surprising details. They can share their ideas in new and interesting ways. Their imaginations are becoming a primary vehicle for play and learning. They begin to compare, contrast, organize, analyze, and come up with more and more complex ways to solve problems. Math and scientific thinking become more sophisticated.

阅读下表，描述了学前认知发展里程碑。万博体育全站app

All of these thinking skills usually develop in a predictable sequence. Remember, though, that every child is unique. You have the ability to help children learn and grow to their potential. Along with a family's pediatrician, preschool teachers must be knowledgeable about children's developmental milestones. Developmental milestones help adults to understand and recognize typical ages and stages of development for children. Milestones are not rigid rules for when or how a child should develop. Rather, milestones provide a guide for when to expect certain skills or behaviors to emerge in young children based on cognitive, gross motor (movement), fine motor (finger and hand skills), hearing, speech, vision, and social-emotional development. You can use your knowledge of these milestones to meet children's needs in your classroom.
Cognitive development is a unique process and is specific to each child. A family may wonder about their child's cognitive development and feel uncertain about what they are observing, as well as what to expect. You have an opportunity to learn first from a family and consider offering additional developmental information, including possible warning signs. The Kids Included Together can be a valuable resource for you (http://www.kitonline.org), as well as the developmental milestones and act early information located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website,http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/里程碑/index.html. The chart below also highlights possible warning signs for preschool children:

如果你关心孩子的发展,talk with your trainer, coach, or supervisor so that you can brainstorm and work together to talk with parents about your observations. This may be difficult, but it can make the difference in meeting a child's needs. With the guidance of your supervisor, trainer, or coach along with program management, you can share information with families about typical child development and let them know you are available to talk. If your program provides developmental screening tools, these can help you start a conversation about your concerns.

Ultimately, if families are concerned about a child's development, they should talk to the child's pediatrician about their concerns. The pediatrician can perform developmental screenings and possibly refer the child to specialists. Families should also contact their local school district (for children over age 3). The school district can arrange a free evaluation of the child's development. This can help the child get the services and help he or she needs.

这段由美国疾病控制和预防中心开发的视频，为确定和处理疑似的发育延迟提供了提示。

See

Just as children's bodies grow throughout the preschool years, their brains are growing too. You will see major changes between three and five years old in a child's thinking skills. Watch this video to learn about milestones during the preschool years.

认知发展in Preschool

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了解这些里程碑将帮助您了解在课堂上计划哪些学习体验。根据你对发展的知识，你可以计划一些对个别儿童来说是有挑战性但可以实现的活动。狗万app怎么下载记住，里程碑是让我们知道孩子健康成长的标志。这些标记不是子级必须通过的阈值或“测试”。在您：

• Set learning goals for your class.
• Read all you can about the stages of development especially for the ages of the children you serve.
• Post developmental milestone charts for reference.
• 认识到孩子们在经历发育阶段时需要不同的东西。
• Provide a range of interesting materials that spark preschoolers' interests and allow for hands-on exploration.
• Provide a range of developmentally appropriate and culturally diverse books.
• 寻找可教的时刻，鼓励学习和发展。狗万app怎么下载
• 定期观察儿童，确定他们在哪里发展。
• 请记住，儿童是独一无二的，以不同的速度进步，一个发展领域可能比其他领域需要更长的时间。

如果你觉得孩子的成长过程中可能会有问题，请咨询你的主管、培训师或教练。