" Of all the life skills available to us, communication is perhaps the most empowering."-布雷特·莫里森

Know

我们天生就是社会人，而沟通在我们日常的个人和职业生活中扮演着重要的角色。当你想到“沟通”这个词时，你会想到什么？“也许你在想“说话”或“说话”这些词。听？理解？肢体语言？

Being able to effectively communicate one’s needs, feelings and emotions is critical to lifelong success. Effective communication helps us better understand people or situations and enables us to build trusting and respectful relationships, resolve conflicts, and create environments where ideas, problem solving, and empathy can flourish.

As simple as communication seems, much of what we try to communicate to others—and what others try to communicate to us—gets misunderstood. Our ability to communicate and understand others is dependent upon how we interpret and make meaning out of the information we take in. We take in this information using our senses, including hearing what others say, seeing body language, and experiencing emotional responses. We then make meaning out of the information. Challenges to communication occur when we consider the fact that the ways we interpret and make meaning of information varies from person to person. Miscommunications can cause conflict and frustration in personal and professional relationships. The way we make meaning of information is a result of our early experiences, our beliefs and values, and other influences. Pause for a moment and think about situations in your own life where communication seemed successful and unsuccessful. What feelings did you associate with these situations? Perhaps excitement, contentment or relief when communication was effective? Frustration, anger or disappointment when effective communication seemed difficult to achieve?

What is Communication?

Effective communication is more than just the exchange of information; it’s about understanding the emotion behind the message. The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards defines communication as “a tool that human beings use to meet their physical, social, and emotional needs” (2012, p. 27). A goal of effective communication is to find a balance between thinking and感觉。这种平衡包括传达你的思想，而不让信息背后的情感占据主导地位。

Effective communication involves a variety skills, including nonverbal communication, active listening, emotional awareness, and the ability to manage stress. Communication can be achieved through spoken language, as well as through facial expressions, gestures, movements, postures, and touch. Pictures, images and written symbols are means to communicate. No matter the method, effective communication can help support and improve relationships, teamwork, decision-making and problem solving. According to researchers Robert Stillman and Ellin Siegel-Causey (1989), people communicate for different reasons:

• 影响他人的行为
• 提供信息
• To convey thoughts and feelings
• For the purely social reason of engaging in an interaction with someone

你在日常生活中与其他人交流的原因是什么？

What Does Communication Look Like in Preschoolers?

万博体育全站app学龄前儿童是天生的沟通者！他们吸收周围社会的细节。他们扮演着妈妈、爸爸、老师和其他对他们很重要的人的角色。有时“试穿”成年人的语言就像他们在戏剧表演区试穿衣服一样。随着他们词汇量的增长，语言不再仅仅是表达需求的工具。现在他们可以用语言学习新事物，想象未知世界，探索想法，讲笑话，创造故事，建立友谊（特拉维克·史密斯，2014）。这是一个令人兴奋的时间惊人的增长！当幼儿教师始终如一地回应孩子们的交流时，学龄前儿童就学会依赖语言作为满足需要、解决问题和了解世界的工具。狗万app怎么下载

每个学龄前万博体育全站app儿童的交流都是独一无二的。三岁时，大多数孩子用简单的句子交流，大多数时间陌生人都能听懂。你可能会听到“aminal”代表“animal”或“pasghetti”代表“spaghetti”这样的发音错误。学龄前儿童仍在尝试并开始学习语法的基础知识。例如，一个5岁的孩子可能会说，“我在午餐时把所有的豌豆都吃光了”，因为他正在尝试应用他学到的语法规则。年轻的学龄前儿童可以继续理解语言是如何工作的，因为老师会用正确的发音或形式回答，比如“我在农场看到动物”或“哦，是的！你今天把豌豆都吃光了。你觉得很饿。”

看到了吗

Do

万博体育全站app学龄前儿童观察和倾听周围的人。交流和语言发展需要其他方面的发展，如视觉技能、思维技能和记忆，所提供的经验大大有助于他们的发展和学习。学龄前儿童不仅通过你所使用的词语来学习交流，还通过你做什么和如何做事情来学习交流，比如玩它们和回答问题。花点时间回顾一下下面列出的策略，这些策略强调了如何支持您所照顾的学龄前儿童的沟通：狗万app怎么下载

• Have a conversation with every child every day.
• 谈论物体及其所属的类别（即狗是动物，汽车是交通工具）。这有助于孩子们理解物体之间的联系，分类和部分到整体的思考。
• 通过使用“over”、“under”、“in”、“through”、“between”和“behind”等介词，帮助儿童拓展语言和认知发展
• 还记得“为什么？“是大多数学龄前儿童最喜欢的问题。耐心地回答，并以此为机会谈论想法和概念。万博体育全站app
• 与学龄前儿童一起探索语言中的声音；玩押韵游戏和唱愚蠢的歌曲。万博体育全站app
• Use words to help children solve problems and expressions; say things like, “It looks like you’re angry. Tell Miley why you are upset.”

Completing this Course

有关本课程的更多信息，请参阅《沟通与语言发展》Competency Reflection, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the Preschool Communication & Language Development课程指南.

请注意，每节课结束时的参考资料和资源部分概述了参考资料和资源，以查找有关所涵盖主题的其他信息。当你完成课程时，你不需要复习所有的在线参考资料。但是，如果您有兴趣，或应培训师、教练或管理员的要求，欢迎您进一步探索这些资源。