"Think left and think right and think low and think high. Oh, the thinks you can think up if only you try!"
- Seuss博士

知道

就像经验和活动激发你的创造力，经验和活动培育幼儿的创造力。在课程中，您了解到，可以培养和培养创造力;这不是一些人在一些人中而不是其他人。作为学前班万博体育全站app教师，您负责创建合并和培养创造力的有意义的体验。创意体验为儿童提供了机会，以有趣和有意义的方式表达和展示他们的知识（Gandini，1992）。培养儿童的创造力为健康​​发展和对学习的热爱建立了基础。狗万app怎么下载

Fostering Creative Experiences

您的计划如何促进幼儿的创造力？它是否鼓励并为所有孩子提供创造性表达的机会？您如何支持促进幼儿的创造力？

以下内容可以指导您与学龄前儿童的互动：万博体育全站app

• 询问儿童开放式问题，让他们使用他们的想象力和批判性思维技能。例如，请“如果......，”或“为什么会发生什么？”或者“怎么样？”要求他们预测故事结局或接下来发生什么，预测你操纵某些材料的情况会发生什么，想想使用他们的身体和搬到音乐的不同方式，为你可能需要烘烤或烹饪的成分，或预测如果他们在拦截块或施工工作的同时使用某种方式会发生什么。开放式问题为您提供无尽的可能性！记得出于诚实的好奇心提问。在你问之前，你不应该总是知道对问题的答案。孩子们可以讲述一个变得好奇的成年人和一个测试它们的成年人之间的差异。
• 提供意见或建议。你应该在好奇心和贡献之间找到平衡点。虽然许多创造性的经验应该是儿童指导，它是好的，你偶尔提供支持或脚手架。一个简单的评论或问题，比如“我想知道如果你在斜坡上把球打高一点会发生什么”可以支持孩子的想法。有些孩子可能需要使用新的或不熟悉的材料的支持。你也可以提供创意和模型材料的创新用途：回收一个金属桶成一个鼓，使用一块织物作为桌布，等等。
• When interacting with children about their artwork, make positive comments that describe what you see them doing (e.g., “I see how you are using these two colors for your tree.”) as opposed to comments that evaluate their work (e.g., “I like how you painted that.”). Positive comments that are nonevaluating foster creative work.
• Provide children with multiple opportunities for artistic expression and appreciation of the arts. Encourage their experimentation with a variety of developmentally appropriate art forms, materials and processes (Althouse, Johnson, & Mitchell, 2003).
• 鼓励和示范解决问题的能力。由于创造力需要想出解决方案或不同的做事方式，你应该在课堂体验中融入解决问题的方法。使用开放式问题，如“如果你……”来帮助孩子们想出解决问题或情况的方法。
• 通过提供发人深省的材料和鼓励创造性思维、头脑风暴和提出假设的计划活动来鼓励发现。与发现有关的活动种类是无穷无尽的。一些能引发探究和发现的材料包括：非小说书籍、颜料、科学工具和实验、感官物品、放大镜和望远镜、标本和昆虫容器、宠物和其他动物、磁铁、炊具和树叶、泥土和粘土等自然元素。
• 用孩子的利益你马指导决策ke about creative experiences. If, for example, you see that several children in your classroom enjoy construction experiences, consider adjusting your classroom space to allow children to engage in such activities. Above all, be flexible and open-minded!
• 每个孩子都以独特的方式展示了创造力。涉及发育障碍的儿童时，您可能必须进行适应或提供支持，使这些儿童能够表达自己的创造力并取得成功。
• Providing and fostering creative experiences is an important part of your work in preschool. An equally important aspect of your work is making sure that you evaluate these experiences. Are they developmentally appropriate for the children in your classroom? Are they challenging? Are they culturally responsive and sensitive? Are children engaged and are they learning?

Fostering Culturally Responsive Creative Experiences

Culturally responsive experiences are those that help children see themselves represented in your program. This may mean opportunities for self-reflection and expression. It may also mean broad exposure to people, ideas, and experiences from around the world. Exposure to the world around them sparks curiosity and creative thinking in children. In terms of creativity, the term “culture” can be quite broad. You should provide experiences that help children define a sense of self and a sense of the world around them. This may include racial or ethnic identity, but it can also include identities related to family values, beliefs, or experiences. For example, children may explore the culture of living on a military installation, being an only child, or transitioning to kindergarten.

区分过程和以产品为导向的经验

In your work, you should strive to achieve balance between process-oriented and product-oriented experiences. Process-oriented experiences are child-directed and open-ended and they focus on the experience itself rather than a finished product or outcome. Examples of process-oriented activities may include drawing, making prints using different objects, exploring ice, making up a story and acting it out, and experimenting with different materials in order to build something. Product-oriented experiences are usually adult-directed and have a pre-determined goal or outcome. Examples of product-oriented activities may include children making identical snowmen using the same materials on construction paper, children gluing feathers on construction paper to make a bird, or children using the same materials or objects to build similar-looking bird houses.

It is important to understand that when it comes to a finished product or the process that leads to it, a balanced approach is best. There should be opportunities for both in your work in preschool. When making decisions about using process-oriented or product-oriented experiences, you should ask yourself what your goals or objectives are. If, for example, your goal is to promote children’s exploration and creative expression, it would be inappropriate to give them identical materials and ask them to build a bird house. If, however, your goal is to encourage or demonstrate specific techniques that are needed for further skill-development (e.g., cutting or gluing), then asking children to cut or glue the same materials may be appropriate.

根据奥尔特豪斯、约翰逊和米切尔的著作《将视觉艺术融入课堂》（2003年），当成人不断地向孩子们口述要使用的纸张的尺寸、颜色和要制作的产品时，创造力就会受到阻碍。但并非所有以产品为导向的体验都会阻碍创造力。当孩子们在发展技能时，以产品为导向的经验是很重要的。例如，如果一个孩子正在学习演奏乐器、编织、缝纫或撰写文章，那么他需要学习一些特定的技能或策略。当孩子掌握了表演所需的技能时，创造力就会旺盛起来。狗万app怎么下载

鼓励创造力

As a preschool staff member, you can encourage creativity by thinking about the questions and comments you make while a child is creating. The table below will provide you with some examples of how to encourage the creative process and what to avoid.

在专注于专注于该过程的产品和活动之间建立平衡，这对于确保学龄前儿童提供全面的经验将是重要的。万博体育全站app以下是帮助在学习环境中促进这种平衡的一些方法：狗万app怎么下载

• 为开放式艺术和文学体验提供材料。
• Allow for long-term projects by providing space for children to store their work that is not yet complete.
• 每天允许空闲时间，以便孩子可以选择自己的经验并创造自己的活动。
• 计划时间专注于特定技能。
• 仔细观察孩子，让你知道每个孩子的技能水平。

满足所有学习者的需求

每个孩子都有不同的发展，每个孩子都以不同的方式接近创造性的体验。有些孩子可能有困难访问创造性的体验。例如，使用轮椅的孩子可能无法达到传统画架。具有视觉或听力障碍的儿童可能无法遇到艺术品或听一段音乐的工作。受关注困难的孩子可能受到挑战，以满足任何时间的经验。一个容易过度刺激的孩子可能不喜欢感官或开放的经历。您必须准备好迎接他们所在的儿童，并使适当的创意体验所有儿童的优先事项。以下是在支持所有学习者时记住的一些指导方针：

• Art and creative experiences should always be a choice, and there should be no wrong answers (Head Start, 2013). Each child encounters experiences in his or her own way and at his or her own pace.
• 做not let disabilities or differences be a barrier to participation. You should create adaptations that allow each child to participate fully.
• 脚手架为需要支持的儿童创造性体验。虽然创造性经历往往是开放的，但成年人可以在需要时提供一些帮助。您可以使用图片计划来帮助单个孩子开始活动（即，穿上Smock，拾取刷，浸入油漆，并创造！）。您可以使用各种支持，例如对等支持，成人支持或环境修改，以帮助儿童成功（Sandall＆Schwartz，2008）。

看

培养幼儿的创造力有助于建立学习和探索爱情所必需的终身技能。狗万app怎么下载在第一个视频中，作为计划主任倾听，反映了她的计划对创造性经历的方法。在第二个视频中，观看学前班教室如何与当地艺术博物馆合作，从事关于仙万博体育全站app女的有趣项目。

幼儿园的创新体验万博体育全站app

The Fairy Garden Project

做

作为学前班万博体育全站app教师，您可以在设计环境中发挥关键作用，并创造促进儿童好奇心和创造性思维的经验。以下是您可以促进学前教室的创造性学习经历列表。万博体育全站app狗万app怎么下载经验按类别分组;然而，每种经历都可以同时结合多个学习域的方面。狗万app怎么下载您可以在您的一天的不同部分，在室内和户外使用这些体验。