知道

You can do many things to help children experience nature and learn in the outdoors. Children spend as much as two hours per day outdoors in many programs. This is valuable time for children to develop their large muscles and sophisticated play skills. Much of what you do in the classroom can be easily translated to the outdoor environment. You do that by incorporating safety, design, space and accessibility.

Safety

Evaluate your outdoor learning environments. Make sure the equipment is safe and the environment is free from preventable risks. You must consider fall zones, surfacing, access to shade and the condition of materials and equipment. The Safety course contains detailed information regarding what to check in outdoor environments to assure children’s safety prior to outdoor play.

In some settings, your playground may be used by the community during the evening; perhaps your program shares a community park. Even if your playground is protected by a fence, it is still possible that hazardous materials could find their way onto the playground. Before you take children outside, you must be vigilant about inspecting the playground each day. Look for:

• 碎片（玻璃，烟头，垃圾，建筑物用品）
• Animal excrement and other foreign material
• 覆盖太薄的覆盖物
• 站立的水，冰或雪
• Surfaces that are too hot or cold for children to touch safely
• 可能导致伤害的自然物体（锋利的岩石，树桩，根，树枝）
• 不安全的昆虫（蚁丘，蜂箱，黄蜂巢）
• 沟渠，洞，井和陷阱
• Exposed power lines or utility equipment

记得检查播放表面的温度。金属或塑料幻灯片，长凳和浇注的混凝土表面可以非常热，非常冷。检查温度变化或水损伤引起的裂缝的表面。

您应该通过仔细检查户外游乐区和设备每天开始。这将有助于防止重大伤害或事故。在您的户外游乐区散步，并使用您的计划提供的安全清单或安全课程中的安全核对表。谈谈你用培训师，教练或主管看到的东西。

设计

精心设计户外学习区，以支持全方位的儿童游戏和活动。狗万app怎么下载您可以创建兴趣区，就像您为室内空间一样。对于幼儿万博体育全站app园，这些领域可能包括沙子，水，轮式玩具，游戏，建筑，木工，安静的活动，科学和自然（Dodge等，2010）。您在室内提供的许多相同材料可用于促进户外参与。

例如，户外安静的活动兴趣区可以包括树荫下阴影的书籍的篮子。户外戏剧性游戏兴趣区可以包含毯子，野餐篮，塑料餐具，餐具和装扮衣服等道具。您还可以将传统的户外玩具融入这些兴趣区。例如，您可以创建一个户外艺术或与人行道粉笔写入兴趣区，或者您可以将各种形状的泡沫解决方案和魔杖纳入户外发现/科学兴趣区。Another idea would be to set up an outdoor science and nature center in which children can investigate materials found outdoors (e.g., leaves, sticks, seed pods) using magnifying glasses, scissors, etc. Found natural materials could also be used in an outdoor art interest area in which children can trace, draw or make rubbings or prints of these materials.

空间

充分利用您的大部分空间。并非所有户外空间都是理想的，但这并不意味着您必须为游乐场定居，只有金属游戏结构和沥青。获得创意！您当地的家居装修商店可能是一个很好的资源。考虑用污垢填充塑料雨水管道，让孩子用它们用作播种机或感官垃圾箱。请志愿者安装喂鸟饲养者或凸起的花园床。

Your outdoor play space will foster creative play if you include “loose parts,” or open-ended play materials (recycled cardboard boxes, crates, PVC pipes, milk cartons) children can use for construction (Maxwell, Mitchell, & Evans, 2008). Enclosed spaces (e.g., playhouses, forts) that are a fixed part of the playground—or, even better, that have been constructed by children themselves—foster dramatic play. As much as possible, providing play equipment that can “become” multiple things in children’s play tends to foster creativity. If you have the opportunity to help pick play equipment, try to avoid items and structures that embody one idea (e.g., a pirate ship climber), and instead choose items that can take on multiple identities (e.g., more simple play structures).

还包括包括帮助儿童促进运动技能的设备也很重要。总机技能是那些涉及身体大肌肉运动的人，包括跑步，跳跃，投掷和维持平衡。儿童没有必要在外面体验高水平的身体活动。事实上，儿童往往是最受携带便携式设备，如球，自行车，呼啦圈等的便携式设备（Kreichauf等，2012）。

Accessibility

Just as in the classroom, you must ensure your outdoor spaces are organized for independence, easy use and learning. Children must be able to easily access materials and equipment. Outdoor paths, walkways and stairs should be clearly marked and free of obstruction. It is important to make sure gross-motor play can happen safely in one area without disrupting play in another area. For example, a tricycle path should not go right through an area where children are drawing with chalk. You also want to separate the quiet activities (art, chalk, blocks, sand) from the loud and active activities (ball play, bikes, running). Also, remember to include smocks in strategic areas; offering smocks or old shirts can help some children (and families) feel more comfortable with messy outdoor art, sensory or science ideas (e.g., mud play or exploration).

总电机设备的尺寸和水平必须在课堂上的儿童开发。应该有足够的机动设备（例如，自行车），孩子们可以使用设备而无需漫长的等待。室外玩具如球和戏剧剧本的道具可以放置在易于访问箱，铲斗或容器中。这也将使儿童能够轻松帮助清理到里面是时候。正如室内环境所讨论的那样，标记您在室外使用的篮子或垃圾箱可以促进清理并创建丰富的环境。

考虑个人儿童的需求。有些孩子，特别是残疾人或特殊需要的孩子可能在户外环境中具有困难。您可以在课堂上就像在课堂上一样对这些孩子进行调整。您可以调整材料和空间（安装轮椅可访问的挥杆，安装栏杆，下水桌），以最适合其需求。如室内环境课程所述，与儿童家庭和教练，教练或主管交谈，以确定可能需要什么修改。此外，由于作为户外游戏空间可以让孩子们使用他们的更响亮的声音和“松散”，确保您在外面提供平静的空间，也许是舒缓材料的伴随的垃圾箱。有关更多信息，请参阅孩子们包括在一起材料（https://www.kit.org/who-we-are/our-work/）。

看

观看学龄前计划如何充万博体育全站app分利用户外空间。

室外空间学习狗万app怎么下载

Do

Offer a range of opportunities for outdoor play:

• 提供戏剧性的戏剧，沙子和水，块和音乐和户外运动。
• 寻找发现和科学的自然机会。请注意您的操场上的昆虫，动物，泥土和天然材料。
• 提供允许大型和小肌肉发挥的材料。有各种自行车，球和其他玩具。
• 提供有趣和独特的体验：植物花园，为戏剧建造舞台或创造障碍课程。