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When you entered your classroom for the first time, you were likely overwhelmed by the task of setting it up for children. Perhaps it was already full of toys, books and materials. You may have found yourself in a cycle of sorting and storing. Perhaps the materials are old and you have the opportunity to shop for replacements. Regardless of your situation, how do you decide what toys and materials to include in your classroom?

通过早期童年产品目录或通过教师供应商店的过道展望可以压倒您选择。

玩具和材料应该是：

• Culturally relevant
• Developmentally appropriate
• Linked to children’s interests
• Varied toys and activities
• Linked to learning goals

Culturally Relevant

教室材料应在文化上相关。但是，这是什么意思？文化相关性意味着您选择的材料应反映教室中不同儿童的背景，知识和经验。通过选择验证和赋予所有种族，种族和社交背景的儿童的材料，您将在儿童家庭和学校生活之间建一座桥梁，这将为学习提供强大的基础。狗万app怎么下载请记住，这包括提供有关具有特殊需求的个人的积极，包容性消息的材料。

有许多简单的方法可以将孩子们暴露于来自各种背景的人的积极形象：

• 在戏剧性的游乐区，包括男女衣服。
• 显示各种工作（警察，建筑工人，老师，护士，厨师）的男人和妇女的照片。
• 包括代表来自世界各地文化的物品（带有食物图片，来自民族杂货店，织物，炊具，传统服装的飞行员的食谱。
• Ask family members to lend you items from their homes.
• 在块区域中，添加小雕像或娃娃，代表一系列年龄，种族和能力。
• In the music area, offer musical instruments from around the globe and CDs of traditional and contemporary music.
• Stock your classroom library with books that give positive messages about age, gender, race, culture, special needs, family types and linguistic diversity.
• Look for games and toys that allow children to work together, take turns and celebrate each other’s successes.

最重要的是，记得聘请家庭在制作课堂上进行文化适当的空间。显示家庭的框架照片。用孩子们创造家庭书籍。鼓励家庭成员分享他们的家庭语言，并帮助您用那种语言的单词在课堂上标记项目。有关使课堂材料有关相关的更多信息，请参阅参考资料和资源部分。

发展恰当

课堂上的玩具和材料应该是合适的。这意味着他们应该与您的护理中儿童的发展阶段相匹配。由于儿童以不同的速率发展，选择了发展合适的材料意味着您应该拥有一系列可用的玩具，可以适应个人儿童技能，兴趣和特征之间的差异。教室储存了发展合适的材料“适合”孩子 - 孩子不应该要调整为“适合”教室！

Between the ages of 3 and 5, children’s brains and bodies continue to develop. You will learn more about this in the Cognitive and Physical courses. Developmentally appropriate toys allow preschoolers to experiment and solve problems. Materials can encourage children to play with others, take turns and share. Preschool children also need toys and materials that let them move their bodies and that promote physical development.

学龄前儿童发育适当材料的例子包括：万博体育全站app

• Wooden blocks for building
• 娃娃娃娃
• 各种形状和尺寸的球
• Floor puzzles with large pieces
• 简单的游戏，不需要阅读和少数碎片（例如，滑道和梯子）

在您在安全课程中学到的时，您还应该确保您提供的材料是安全的。您的教室里的所有材料都应为学龄前儿童制作。万博体育全站app确保您的教室是免费的有毒材料（例如，植物，艺术用品，天然材料）。仔细监督发育年龄较小的儿童可能难的材料。

作为选择发展合适材料的一部分，您还希望确保考虑所有学习者的发展需求。来自孩子们的信息包括在一起（套件，看https://www.kit.org/who-we-are/our-work/）可以帮助教师思考对具有特殊需求的儿童可能特别有用的材料。例如，一些具有社交情绪或关注需求的儿童可能会受益于禁令或小型舒适项目，帮助他们释放能量（套件，2012）。盗用的例子包括：

• Pieces of felt
• Small bean bags
• 小毛绒玩具
• Pipe cleaners
• Squishy balls
• 弯曲材料

烦恼can be great items to include in your “cool down” area, or other quiet and calming spaces in your classroom, as they can help with self-soothing. For some children, fidgets can also be helpful during group meeting time, as they offer a release of energy in a quiet, nondisruptive way, which helps them to focus more easily on the experience at hand. Just ensure the children understand the proper use of fidgets and comfort items (e.g., you may have to explain what they are for and they are to remain in one’s lap).

Linked to Children’s Interests

孩子们当成年人纳入他们的学习效果最好interests. Whenever possible, adults should provide materials that capture children’s interests and extend their learning. For example, if a few children are very interested in construction equipment during the summer months, the teacher could turn the sensory table, block area or a portion of the playground into a construction zone. Providing hard hats, shovels, measurement tools, gravel or toy construction equipment can help spark children’s imaginations. If children are interested in fairy tales, this would be a good opportunity to stock the dress-up area with fancy outfits and “magic” wands, and to include fairy tale books in the library area. You could even offer recycled materials in the art area for children to construct their own fairy tale castles or forts.

Perhaps a child had her first airplane trip recently, and airplanes and flying have become an interest to other children as well. To capture this interest and extend children’s learning in this area, you could do one or more of the following things:

• 阅读和展示图书馆中飞机的书籍。
• 建立艺术区域，让孩子建立自己的“平面”，他们可以在发现区域的“飞行”中试验。
• 用适当的材料和道具制作戏剧性游乐区的“机场”区域（例如，围巾，飞行员帽，均匀的碎片，塑料杯和食物，大盒子，可用作飞机，小块行李等）。

通过在选择课堂材料时纳入儿童的利益，您可以帮助孩子们建立将学习延伸到新领域的连接。狗万app怎么下载例如，“建筑区”的创造可能会引发儿童对学习桥梁的兴趣，这可能导致关于通过水的海洋或类型的交通的讨论。狗万app怎么下载支持儿童对童话故事的兴趣可以讨论魔术，这可能会提示一些孩子对魔术表演或简单的魔法技巧感兴趣。或者，儿童可能有兴趣在教师的帮助下创建自己的童话故事（口头或书面）。如室内环境课程所讨论的，挑衅是融入儿童兴趣的好方法，并帮助引导儿童的效率，参与乐趣。

各种各样的玩具和活动

Not all toys are created equal. Some toys spark imagination and some hinder it. You might have noticed that young children are often more interested in the box than the toy that came inside it. Why? Because the box can become anything. It becomes a drum when you hit it, a house when you put a doll inside it, a hat when you put it on your head and a mask when you play hide and seek behind it. The possibilities are endless. Children learn and explore more when a toy is only limited by their imaginations. Consider the following list and think about why toys spark or limit imaginative play.

可能限制想象力的玩具：

• 采用预设配件或动作的行动数据或塑料娃娃
• 玩具，聊天，唱歌或跳舞
• Toys that are branded, such as with a TV show or popular character
• 工作书或贴纸书籍;艺术活动清晰的产品

火花富有想象力的玩具：

• Dress-up clothes
• 大盒子
• Tools and items a child might find in the home
• 娃娃娃娃
• 乐器
• 艺术和工艺品
• “开放式”的项目或可以以各种不同的方式使用（例如，块）

Linked to Learning Goals

也许最重要的是要思考为什么哟u have selected the materials in your room. Ask yourself: how will this toy help children learn? What will they learn from the material? Use your knowledge of learning standards and the guidelines outlined by your curriculum to shape your classroom decisions. Look for toys that promote math skills like sorting and patterning, literacy skills like letter matching and rhyming, social skills like turn-taking and problem solving, scientific knowledge and knowledge of the social world around children. Here are some examples of learning goals and materials that address these common learning goals:

Math Skills

• Dice
• Calendars
• Pattern blocks

Literacy Skills

• Alphabet magnets, beads, stamps, blocks
• 各种书写工具和表面
• Variety of print materials
• Puppets

社交技能

• 简单的合作板式游戏（例如，“算上鸡”）
• 合作运动游戏（例如，马车拉扯 - 抚服在货车上互相拉动）

Scientific Knowledge

• 放大镜
• 磁铁
• 自然环境有趣的物品
• 斜坡和鳞片

知识社会世界

• 地图
• 播放金钱和收银机
• Dramatic play items that relate to different occupations

Look for toys that address these important learning goals through play and games. The general rule is that children should want to play with these materials. See the Explore and Apply sections for further examples of learning goals and materials that help address them.

看

观看此视频，查看促进学习的玩具和材料的示例。狗万app怎么下载

活动：支持学习的材料狗万app怎么下载

做

为帮助您在教室里的儿童做出最好的选择，请务必：

• 与培训师，教练或主管谈论最适合您的教室的材料。
• 观看儿童如何与材料一起玩。当孩子们似乎无聊时或者当他们需要一个新的挑战时，引入新材料。尝试提供挑衅（参见室内环境课程），以帮助儿童以新的或以上聚焦的方式探索材料。
• Interact with children as they play. Talk about their ideas and encourage them to take the next step in their thinking. Ask open ended questions (or questions without a right or wrong answer).
• 反思教室里的材料。如果您注意到任何偏见的材料（例如，只显示男警察的书籍），请更改。
• 请家庭参与。要求他们捐赠塑料罐，盒子或其他物品，为您的艺术，块或戏剧性的游乐区。邀请他们与他们的家庭或文化分享传统。确保培训师，教练或主管批准用于课堂的材料捐赠。
• 获得创意。您不必为您的教室购买材料。想想玩具你可以找到或与孩子一起找到。

Ask yourself the following questions about the materials in your program:

• 这些材料是否反映并尊重该计划和更广泛的社区的种族，种族，文化，语言和家庭多样性？
• 做these materials reflect the children’s current interests and help spark new interests?
• 做these materials allow children to play in a variety of ways?
• 做these materials help us reach important learning goals for children?