Know

Think about some of the memorable environments you experienced as a young child. Hopefully, you can think of many places that left you with happy memories, like your childhood home, schools, favorite vacation spot, or your neighborhood park. These environments bring back good memories because you felt safe and secure and had fun. Think about what else makes these environments memorable. Was it just the place itself, or was it also the people there with you? The people in a learning environment play a crucial role in making it a positive one. Now think about environments that you experienced that you would not consider as memorable. What was different about these environments that made them less memorable? Was it a feeling of uncertainty, fear, boredom, or anxiety? Was it a feeling of not being welcomed and encouraged? Was it unsupportive or emotionally unavailable adults?

促进学龄前儿童自我意识的环境万博体育全站app

Environments play a large part in identity formation and comprise of many aspects. As discussed in the Preschool Learning Environment course, an environment is a combination of the physical space, appearance, resources, and contents as well as the interactions, relationships, and sense of community within it.

作为一个成年人，您可能有几个关于您在哪里度过的时间。您可以寻找您感觉良好的地方，您可以避免让您感到不舒服或压力的地方。幼儿没有这种控制水平，以及他们在哪里以及如何度过他们的时间。在课程中，您了解到幼儿主要因他们从其生命中的重要成年人收到的信息而发展他们的身份感。许多孩子可能会在您的课堂和计划中与您共度大量的一天。因此，您对环境所做的每一个选择都会向他们发送消息，告诉他们，如果被接受，有价值和有能力。

您希望您的课堂环境发送什么消息？你想要孩子和他们的家人在你的空间时感受到吗？您希望他们了解自己是什么？

我们都希望为儿童提供安全，欢迎和响应的环境。故意规划和设计可以帮助确保您的课堂设置是儿童和家庭在您的照顾中的特殊地方。您的课堂环境应该是培养和支持的空间，鼓励孩子们成为他们和您在一起的人，探索新想法。它应该是安全，刺激和发育的合适，它应该验证儿童的思想和感受，并为他们提供许多练习技能和经验成功的机会。持续关注课堂环境的许多方面，例如社会，口头，身体和学术方面（Kostelnik，Stein，1998; Loukas，2007），是创造促进学习的高质量空间的关键，狗万app怎么下载探索，尊重个人差异。

解决各种学习者和家庭的需求

As highlighted in Lesson Two, no two children or families will ever be the same in your classroom and it is your responsibility to be sensitive and responsive to each child’s and family’s needs. This becomes crucial when it comes to how you organize and plan your classroom environment to ensure all children will be successful. For example, while some children in your classroom may be able to thrive in busy, crowded, and even loud surroundings, others may require quiet, less crowded and less busy spaces.

The National Association for the Education of Young Children states that in order to support children in developing a positive sense of self, teachers should begin all practices with a foundation of nurturing and responsive caretaking. Responsive classroom environments need to be dynamic to meet the diverse and ever-changing needs of every child in your care. You will have to:

• 修改您的课堂环境，以满足教室中个人儿童的需求
• 根据情况发生变化和事件，在整个学龄前日期或日常生活中调整各个儿童的差异万博体育全站app
• 提供儿童增长及其需求变化的修改

拥抱家庭体验：为军事家庭提供的计划的考虑因素

Think about the military families you know or serve. How are their identities shaped by the experience of being military families? For many families, military service and personal identity can be intertwined. Consider these potential influences:

• Living on a military installation：许多家庭，军事和民用，基于他们居住的地方的某些部分基地。家庭生活在哪里发送有关他们的生活方式，偏好和经验的消息。对于军事家庭，生活在安装上可以建立一个强烈的社区感。这有助于塑造家庭如何与他人相关的方式。
• Deployment：部署是家庭可以体验的最紧张的事件之一。家庭必须学会在部署之前，期间和之后适应不断变化的情况。由于部署期间的经验，服务成员的自我感可能会急剧变化。家庭成员，特别是配偶，也可以在长期独立或单一父母身份经历他们如何感知自己的变化。
• 频繁的举动：当儿童适应新的学校，计划和朋友时，驻车站（PCS）的永久变化可能会对家庭带来很大的压力。儿童或家庭成员可以在新的位置重新发明自己，或者他们可能会努力在新的学校或社区中定义自己。
• Work hours：Military family members may also work unconventional or long hours when they are home.
• 退休并返回民用生活：许多从军事服务退休的人都年轻，发现自己准备好了第二个职业。这可能是一个艰难的过渡。服务成员可能难以找到重视其技能的新工作。他们可能会感到一种损失感，因为他们离开了活跃的社区，可能会努力发展他们的民用身份。
• Remember that issues that affect civilian families affect military families, too：divorce or marital conflict, unemployment for a spouse or partner, and health care needs are just a few of the events that can shape a family’s identity.

然而，军事生活并非所有关于挑战。军事家庭有各种各样的支持，您可以帮助家庭最大限度地提高。军事家庭往往是一个强大的军事界的一部分。他们可以与其他军事家庭一起安装，他们可能有一群朋友在类似情况下。他们还可以通过他们的服务或安装来获得医疗保健，心理健康和宣传资源。这些人可以是家庭的宝贵资产，因为他们努力定义自己。最后，他们可以访问你的军事儿童保育。你了解家庭的背景，可以成为一个有价值的社会支持来源。

Here are some additional ways to support military families, based on recommendations from families surveyed in the National Military Family Association Report on the Cycles of Deployment (2005):

• Help a family to be realistic in their expectations of themselves and of each other. This applies to deployment, permanent change of station (PCS), retirement, and other major life transitions. Help families open lines of communication with one another about their expectations, fears, and excitement.
• 提供有关在部署或其他转换期间和之后可以期望的信息的信息。认识到，每个孩子的反应可能在年龄，发育阶段和气质的基础上不同。
• 为返回和团聚挑战提供持续的讨论和支持家庭。
• Remember that families—even those with experience—do not always have the information and support they need.

Considering your Own Sense of Self

如前两节课所述，最早的互动识别并帮助定义幼儿来期望关系。当成年人在情绪上可以找到一个年轻的孩子的线索并提供响应的护理时，他们分享了一个非常强大的信息，例如“我理解你的感受和需要，并确切知道接下来要做什么。”由于幼儿经历了成年人，以了解并分享他们的思想和感受，他们可以建立一个积极的自我意识。

作为学前班万博体育全站app教师，您是课堂环境的直接部分。Wittmer和Petersen强调，“知道自己涉及探索我们的优势和脆弱性。我们需要想知道，并试图了解我们的反应，我们的挫折和我们工作的部分的意义，使我们带来快乐。这种探索有时可能是困难或不舒服的“（2013，第409页）。思考这一点的另一种方式是“护理”背后的“护理”。

All of us can find ourselves struggling to make sense of situations and relationship building at particular times with some young children and families. As you likely learned in previous courses, observations are one of our best strategies as preschool teachers. Observations can help you get to know and understand a child in your classroom better, which in turn can change your feelings.

您可以使用的另一种策略是可视化。看到自己在你的教室里用学龄前儿童积极互动。万博体育全站app如果他或她展示似乎扰乱教学方法的行为，请尝试在没有这些行为的情况下看到这个年轻的孩子，并以关怀的方式回应。

According to child-care professional Jeff Johnson (2010), your attitude can help you make changes in your life and your program. Johnson has six suggestions:

• Positive outlook：Thinking positively about situations and people can help you bring about beneficial outcomes. Your personal outlook on life plays a critical role in your level of self-care.
• 自我意识：知道你是谁包括了解你的感受，你的呼吸，你的情绪，你的思想和你的关系。首先占据你的优势和劣势。检查你的生活，过去和现在。注意你到了多远，你拥有的技能让你到这一点。
• 健康的选取fishness：非常重要的是要认识到您自己的需求，有效，并执行满足他们所需的东西。
• Relinquish control：允许自己放松并将事情视为灰色而不是黑色和白色可以让您在生活中看到更多选择和机遇。
• 俏皮的态度:改变你的思维方式需要嬉闹,curiosity, and excitement. Try exploring life through the eyes of a child and see how differently things seem.
• Thoughtful choices：As life gets busy, slow down and make sure you are making thoughtful choices. Reconcile with yourself that you may never master a task perfectly and sometimes it is going to have to be good enough.

看

创建支持性环境

Sense of Self: Military Families

Do

In your daily interactions with children, consider doing the following to support a developing sense of self for the preschoolers in your care:

• Get to know and respect each child in your classroom as an individual.
• Show interest and be actively involved in what children are doing in your classroom.
• Respond to and meet children’s individual needs in a timely manner.
• 正如每个学龄前儿童开发新技能或完成任务时，响应积极响应万博体育全站app。
• 以一种方式组织材料，使所有儿童能够积极参与。
• Respond in a similar fashion to boys and girls in your classroom. Check your classroom materials (e.g., books, posters, other learning materials) for bias or misconceptions regarding individuals from different groups).
• Plan activities that enable children to express themselves and explore their sense of self and others (e.g., ask them to draw pictures of themselves or their family and friends, trace their bodies on paper on the floor, share their favorite foods, toys, places of interest, books, etc.).