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万博体育全站app在您的照顾中的学龄前儿童需要每日机遇，安全和支持的环境，参与经验和活动，使他们探索和庆祝他们正在成长的人。正如你在自我发现和身份的过程中有意义地从事孩子，你应该向他们提供持续的多种机会来探索他们的兴趣，与令人兴奋的材料进行互动，尝试新事物，并学习。您可能已经有一个“关于我，”或“我的家人”角落在教室里，您的计划可能有几周，指定为探索多样性，儿童兴趣或独特的人才。您应该在培训中促进促进健康的自我和身份感受的机会。万博体育全站app

促进学龄前儿童自我感的经验和活动万博体育全站app

Embracing Diversity

为了了解反偏见教育，反思孩子如何学会如何在反偏见的课堂或计划中学会如何看待自己和其他人可能会有所帮助。用Louise Derman-Sparks（2010，p.1）的话语，“在反偏见的课堂上，孩子们学会为自己和家人感到骄傲，尊重人类的差异，认识到偏见，并讲述什么是对的。”这些是结果，大多数教育工作者都同意是重要的，但它需要大量的意向性来使他们成为现实。反偏见的教育者在偏见的微妙方式嵌入系统和经验时，每天都在思考。他们注意到媒体信息，课堂材料的选择以及对儿童的自我发展的回答的影响。他们计划围绕反偏见教育的四个主要目标（Derman-Sparks＆Edwards，2010）计划经验：

1. Each child will demonstrate self-awareness, confidence, family pride, and positive social identities。这是反偏见教育的基础，必须在其他目标之前解决。计划通过确保（a）所有家庭和家庭结构在计划中可见并尊重，（b）儿童在材料和课程中看到自己，（c）儿童有经验让他们探索种族，文化，语言和经济差异。
2. 每个孩子都会用人类多样性，对人类差异的准确语言表达舒适和快乐，深入，充满爱心的人类联系。计划通过拥抱和探索每个孩子的课堂，计划和最终社区内的相似性和差异来实现这一目标。他们帮助孩子们为个人学会人。
3. Each child will increasingly recognize unfairness, have language to describe unfairness, and understand that unfairness hurts.
4. 每个孩子将演示赋权和skills to act, with others or alone, against prejudice or discriminatory actions.

We encourage you to explore the readings in the References and Resources section for practical ideas and reflection on anti-bias education.

Embracing Multiple Social Identities

万博体育全站app学龄前儿童开始培养复杂的自我感，并了解他们可以拥有多种社会身份。您的计划中的每个孩子都远远超过他们的性别，年龄，种族或身体特征。虽然可能会鼓励一些孩子强烈地确定他们的身份的这些部分，但提醒所有孩子都有许多不同的身份也很重要。例如，您可以在您的计划中拥有一个孩子，他们认为自己是女儿，姐姐，朋友，助手和狗爱好者。其他人可能会认为自己是画家，歌手和未来的消防员。

You can influence and expand how children see themselves by pointing out, in a positive and encouraging way, that they have many traits and interests. Encouraging children to embrace their multiple social identities develops their sense of self and helps them become more flexible in their thinking about others’ identities. For example, flexible thinking about others could be observing a group of boys playing with trains and thinking of them as children who like to play with trains rather than thinking that only boys like to play with trains. Flexible thinking about others allows children to be more open and accepting of others’ interests and attributes.

Children who recognize their multiple identities may develop better problem-solving skills and a better ability to collaborate with others. This helps them come up with more and creative solutions to everyday problems. You likely have pretend play home living items such as dishes and food in your classroom, and it is likely that pieces go missing from time to time. A child who is a flexible and creative problem-solver may recognize that there are no more aprons in the kitchen and instead may fashion an “apron” out of a baby blanket.

拥抱性格

如在课程中突出显示，我们的自我感包括我们认为对自己最重要的角色，属性，行为和关联（Ylvisaker，2006）。性格和人格特质是帮助我们发展我们作为个人的元素的例子;这些通过与他人的互动进行培养和培养，塑造我们当前和未来的生命。

Your program may use a formal character education curriculum. One example is the Character Counts curriculum by the Josephson Institute. This curriculum proposes six pillars of character. Whether you use this (or any other) character education curriculum, consider how these six pillars may influence the sense of self, positive relationships, and pride in one’s identity and culture:

• Trustworthiness.Be honest, loyal, and keep your promises.
• 尊重。彬彬有礼。接受他人。
• Responsibility.按照您的行动跟进并完成您的任务。
• 公平。对待人们。
• Caring.Show compassion and gratitude.
• Citizenship.Improve the well-being of others.

You can learn more about the six pillars athttps://charactercounts.org/program-overview/six-pillars/。

这些支柱如何指导或塑造您的工作？他们如何引导或塑造您的个人生活？花几分钟才能思考这六个柱子如何塑造你对职员的工作，促进自己的工作人员。

Embracing Culturally Responsive Experiences

Culturally responsive experiences are those that help children see themselves represented in your program. This may mean opportunities for self-reflection and expression. It may also mean broad exposure to people, ideas, and experiences from around the world. Exposure to the world around them sparks curiosity and creative thinking in children. You should provide experiences that help children define a sense of self and a sense of the world around them. This may include racial or ethnic identity, but it can also include identities related to family values, beliefs, or experiences. For example, children may explore the culture of living on a military installation, being an only child, or transitioning to kindergarten.

Strengthening Families

在你的项目里,家庭是至关重要的合作伙伴。You have a commitment to respect families and to help each family feel proud of its identity and culture. Recall these family-centered practices that were introduced in the Families course:

Family-Centered Practice- Family-centered practice is a set of beliefs and actions that influence how we engage families.
Beliefs	行动s
家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者。	我们了解家庭的想法和偏好。 We provide choices in programming. We involve families in program leadership. 我们涉及在决策中的家庭。
家庭是独一无二的，他们的差异丰富了我们的计划。	We honor and respect diversity. We involve all the important people in a child's life. 我们聘请并涉及家庭。 We develop responsive and reciprocal relationships. 我们代表我们的计划中的家庭。
家庭是有弹性的。	我们了解家庭的优势，需求和环境。 We connect families with resources. 我们建立家庭的优势。
家庭是发展和学习的核心。狗万app怎么下载	We share information with families. 我们听家人。 We view families as their child's first teacher. 我们尊重家庭对孩子的专业知识。
家庭是我们的合作伙伴。	We use respectful, responsive, and two-way communication. We reach out to families. We involve families in all aspects of our program.

These practices help families feel respected and valued. They also help families gain confidence and a sense of their role in your program.

Families everywhere go through times in their lives when they need help accessing information to help them navigate the circumstances they are dealing with. And you may be just the person they come to for help. A family member may have a question or concern, and you may be asked to provide information, suggestions, or recommendations about a variety of topics, such as child development, challenging behavior, literacy, in- and out-of-school activities, community connections, healthcare providers, and so forth. Sometimes you may have answers and sometimes you may have to look for answers. Above all, if a family member shares a need or concern with you, respect his or her privacy.

与家人沟通他们孩子的发展感

Cultural practices deeply influence how adults support children’s development of self. All children develop in the context of their cultural background and their family’s values. It is important that you demonstrate respect for each family and child enrolled in your classroom and program.

与家庭成员合作是您在学龄前工作的非常重要的方面。万博体育全站app您需要与每个家庭建立关系以了解他们的价值观和信仰。发布了书面政策和课堂规则，可以帮助家庭成员了解他们的孩子在课堂和计划中遇到的护理措施。

对所有儿童和家庭的相互尊重和信任关系展示必须始终是您的目标。您的角色对于维持一个温暖的响应环境至关重要，儿童感到安全地发展自己的自我意识。

通过减少压力来支持自己：照顾别人的同时照顾好自己

As highlighted in Lesson Three, taking care of your own self and thinking about your own wellness is as significant as taking care and providing for those around you. Many of us are accustomed to saying “yes” to everything that is asked of us for fear of appearing weak or uncooperative. Learning how to say “no” is a good skill to cultivate and it shows you know your limits and are able to prioritize your needs. It is also important that you learn to let go of stress. Here are a few tips:

• 考虑保留期刊。在纸上写一天的活动和您的观点，它可以是治疗性的。您也可能考虑保持一种感谢日记，帮助您注意您生活的积极方面。
• Make connections. Reach out to friends, family, and acquaintances. Go out for lunch or a cup of coffee with a friend. Speak to the person in front of you in line at the grocery store. These small moments can help you feel connected and supported.
• 即使是一点常规运动也可以帮助您感觉更好，睡得更好，并根据生命的日常压力源代理更好。健康的饮食也会有所不同。
• 最后，记得呼吸。当我们受到压力时，我们倾向于呼吸较浅。通过花一点时间来吸收一些深呼吸，我们不仅是为了自己的时间，而且帮助降低了我们的压力水平。

It is important to be able to acknowledge signs of stress in yourself or others. The table below identifies signs of stress in adults.

When you see signs of stress in yourself, take action. You will find “stress busting” resources in the Apply section.

当您在管理自己的压力方面发展技能时，您也应该观察您的教室中的孩子和压力迹象。响应压力的第一步是识别何时存在问题并帮助访问资源。寻找儿童压力的这些迹象：

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万博体育全站app学龄前教师的自我感觉：自我保健实践

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Young children experience stress as a normal part of development and learning. Stress can result from different experiences, positive and negative. While you cannot shield all children from stressful experiences, your caring, safe, and predictable relationship with a young child can help protect them from the effects of stress. Consider the following strategies as you support preschoolers experiencing stress:

• Stay close to young children in your care, reassure them, and let them know you are there as they move away and explore.
• Provide simple explanations for stressful experiences using a calm, soothing voice. “You miss your daddy. He is thinking about you and will come after nap and his job is done. Let’s look at his photograph together.”
• Let children know when you are leaving and when you are coming back.
• 帮助孩子们把强烈的情绪放入言辞中。
• 鼓励孩子们用他们的话来表达他们的需求和与你和同龄人的需求。
• 与儿童家庭聘用，了解他们生活中发生的事情。