Know

回想一下你的童年。你能想到一个time when you felt completely safe? Hold an image of the place or the experience in your mind. What do you see? What do you hear? What do you smell? What sensations do you feel? What emotions does it evoke? Who is there with you? What do they do to make you feel safe?

For some of us, this might be an easy exercise. Some childhoods were full of safe and happy memories from which to choose. For others of us, though, this exercise is challenging. There might be few times when we experienced a feeling of complete safety, and those times might be shaded by memories of other, uncomfortable or scary experiences or events. All of us, regardless of our backgrounds, likely feel a sense of gratitude toward those people and places who helped us feel safe.

这些时刻，这些关系，这些关系，这些安全的地方都有一个不断增长的证据，我们觉得被爱和受到保护可以使我们的生活中的所有差异。考虑Sara的故事：

萨拉的故事让我们想起了几个重要的想法。首先，所有父母非常爱他们的孩子，并尽力而为。当我们开始与家庭合作时，这很重要。其次，即使在最困难的关系中，父母债券也很强烈 - 孩子们爱他们的父母。第三，历史不是命运：被虐待的孩子并不是虐待自己的孩子。第四，无条件的爱在孩子的生活中产生了很大的不同。很容易想象萨拉可能还有许多其他人为她生根并帮助她成功。来自父母的爱是关键的，但大家庭，邻居，教师，社会工作者和辅导员都可以促进安全，稳定和培育的关系。

Clearly, relationships are the first and most important foundation in a child’s life. Sara had a relationship with her parents, but it is also likely that she had strong relationships with other adults around her: teachers, coaches, or neighbors. These relationships helped Sara bounce back from the challenges she encountered. You have an important opportunity to build secure relationships with the school-age children in your program. It is never too late to build strong connections with a child. These relationships help children see you as a trusted adult. Children are reminded that adults care about them and can help in times of need. Relationships also help you understand each child deeply and help you act in each child’s best interests. This includes taking important steps to prevent child abuse and neglect in your program.

当您记得虐待儿童虐待和报告的课程时，虐待和忽视可能是机构和家庭的。这意味着在您的程序中会发生虐待儿童虐待和忽视。本课程将审查机构滥用和忽视的概念。本课程中剩下的课程将帮助您了解在您的计划中预防虐待儿童滥用和忽视的具体策略。

You have already completed a course on identifying and reporting child abuse and neglect, and you will continue to have regular professional development on this topic throughout your career. Let’s just take a few moments to review the major definitions of child abuse and neglect.

What is Child Abuse and Neglect?

Federal law defines child abuse and neglect as:

Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.

Source: Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-320), § 3.

国防部（多德6400.1,2004）定义儿童虐待和忽视如下：

Child abuse and neglect includes physical injury, sexual maltreatment, emotional maltreatment, deprivation of necessities or combinations for a child by an individual responsible for the child's welfare under circumstances indicating that the child's welfare is harmed or threatened. The term encompasses both acts and omissions on the part of a responsible person. A child is a person under 18 years of age for whom a parent, guardian, foster parent, caretaker, employee of a residential facility or any staff person providing out-of-home care is legally responsible. The term child means a natural child, adopted child, stepchild, foster child or ward. The term also includes an individual of any age who is incapable for self-support because of a mental or physical incapacity and for whom treatment in a medical treatment facility is authorized.

根据美国卫生和人类服务部MILand the military Family Advocacy Program, child abuse and neglect generally falls into one of these four categories:

Who Commits Child Abuse and Neglect?

People who commit child abuse and neglect can come from any walk of life. Some risk factors are associated with an increased likelihood that someone might commit abuse or neglect. These include:

• Drug and alcohol abuse
• Difficulties controlling emotions, words, or behaviors
• Harsh approach to discipline
• Mental health issues
• 对儿童发展知之甚少
• 虐待史作为孩子

When a child is abused or neglected by a parent, guardian, or family member, it is called familial abuse. This type of abuse typically happens in the child’s home.

当一个孩子被别人滥用或忽视监督角色（如老师，教练或社区成员）时，它被称为机构或归属虐待。您的工作场所致力于确保每个孩子在您的程序中都是安全的。本课程的其余部分将重点关注以确保儿童在您的计划中从未虐待过的方式。您将学习框架，策略和支持帮助实现这一目标。

What is Institutional Abuse and Neglect?

Institutional abuse or neglect occurs outside the home in community or private settings. This type of abuse or neglect is also known as “out-of-home” or “extra-familial” abuse or neglect.在这门课的其余部分,制度abuse will refer to abuse or neglect which may occur in Department of Defense-sponsored facilities, programs, or activities. This course will focus on abuse or neglect which may occur in child development centers, family child care homes, sponsored field trips, and school-age care programs. Remember, though, that institutional abuse can also occur in installation homework or computer centers, mentoring or tutoring programs, sports programs, chapel programs, scouts, Morale Welfare and Recreation programs, teen centers and youth programs.This type of abuse typically involves a child and an adult in a supervisory role, like a teacher, caregiver, or volunteer.

在学龄计划中可以防止儿童虐待和忽视如何？

在本课程中遵循的课程将描述预防童工虐待和忽视的具体策略。然而，要开始这门课程，请花几个时刻思考自己，以及如何为您与孩子做的重要工作做好准备。想想你如何与每个孩子形成联系。考虑以下关系 - 建筑策略：

• 花时间与孩子们。学龄儿童可能就像他们不想要成年人一样，但他们需要你的时间和关注。坐在沙发上聊天。加入足球比赛或视频游戏。
• Get excited about what the children in your program are excited about. Are they fascinated with building rockets or learning to play instruments? Share what you know and build connections around these shared interests.
• Open up. School-age children want to know about you. Share about yourself and your hobbies and interests. If you play an instrument, play for the children. Teach them how to play chess.
• 了解每个孩子生命中的重要人物。与家人交谈。了解兄弟姐妹和朋友。

接下来，了解您有优势，您可以借鉴以防止虐待儿童虐待和忽视。这些被称为保护因子。您了解了在虐待儿童识别和报告课程中加强家庭保护因素。您可以通过访问来查看保护区框架https://cssp.org/our-work/projects/protective-factors-framework/。The table below provides an overview of the protective factors that are important in your work with families and, as you will learn, important in your own efforts to prevent child abuse and neglect in center settings.

相同保护因素that help families cope with challenges apply to all of us as adults. Let’s explore each of the protective factors and how they might apply to your work. This material has been adapted from the Preventing Child Maltreatment and Promoting Well-Being: A Network for Action 2013 Resource Guide by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

• 成人弹性：我们都需要能够应对日常生活的压力。你觉得的情绪可能会让你感到不那么能够做你的工作。压力降低了您创造性地思考的能力，耐心，问题解决，并尝试新技能 - 与学龄儿童合作时所需的所有策略。我们每个人都有能力我们可以借鉴：信仰，灵活性，幽默，沟通技巧，解决方案的技能，相互支持的关怀关系，或识别和访问外部资源的能力（https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/preventing/）。我们可以花时间确保我们培养并扩大自己和其他人的优势。
• 儿童发展知识与积极青年发展：It seems obvious, but understanding typical development will help you do your job. Unrealistic expectations for behavior are major risk factors for child abuse and neglect. Make sure you know what to expect from the 5- to 12-year olds in your program. In a stressful situation, this knowledge helps you remain calm, recognize the child’s behavior as a sign of development, and understand what skills you can help the child develop next. It’s also important that you continue to build your professional skills across your career. Seek out professional development and try new ideas that will keep your work fresh, exciting, and rewarding.
• 社交联系：研究表明，强大的社会联系促进了健康，健康和长寿。通过在自己的生活中创造或加强社会关系，您将更好地完成工作。
• Concrete Supports:We all need tools to help us do our jobs. It is OK — and important — to ask for help when it is needed. Talk to yourMILtrainer or主管对方法可以获得新的想法哟ur program, individual children, or families. Also remember that you are not immune to stress outside of work, too. You might be experiencing any number of stressors at home. Seek out and use community resources, whether it’s assistance with filing taxes, finding quality health care, or job assistance for a spouse or partner.
• 儿童的社会和情感能力：这是我们在我们的计划中每天做的工作的基础。您将在社会和指导课程中了解有关此主题的更多信息。目前，了解您作为促进健康关系，沟通技巧和自我表达的角色。

See

What do programs that prevent child abuse and neglect look like? They promote the five protective factors. Here’s what you might see in a program that promotes the protective factors:

• Facilitates friendships and mutual support for familiesYour program should provide opportunities for families to interact with one another and build relationships with one another.
• 加强育儿。Everyone needs tips sometimes. Your program can offer families learning experiences right when they need them most. For example, your program could offer workshops on homework, pre-teen dating or friendships, puberty, etc.
• Responds to family crises.When crises happen, families need to know there is somewhere they can go for support. Your program might not have all the answers, but it should be a place where families can connect with resources. This might be food, housing, employment, or medical services.
• Links families to services and opportunities.Your program can connect families with parent support programs, mental health services, employment opportunities, and many other resources in our community.
• Facilitates children’s social and emotional development.This is the foundation of everything we do in school-age programs. You will learn more about how you can help children develop in this course and in the Social course.
• Observes and responds to early warning signs of abuse and neglect.If concerns are recognized early, your program can help families build their own protective factors and get the help they need to prevent negative outcomes.
• Values and supports parents.您的计划应在计划中提供家庭领导机会。请务必每天与家人交谈，让他们知道你认识到他们放在你身上的信任。

与你交谈MIL董事或培训和课程专家上市导师关于支持您的计划优惠或者您对家庭有任何疑虑。观看此视频以了解有关保护因素框架的更多信息。

Do

Throughout your work with children, you should prioritize relationships. Based on what you read in this lesson, you should:

• 与您的护理中的儿童建立安全债券。
• Observe children for signs of child abuse or neglect (as described in the Child Abuse and Neglect Identification and Reporting course).
• 确定可用于您计划的家庭的资源。与您的培训师或董事交谈以了解更多信息。

Completing this Course

For more information on what to expect in this course, the Child Abuse: PreventionCompetency Reflection, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the School-Age Child Abuse: PreventionCourse Guide。

Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.