知道

Think about the school-age children in your program. You have likely already noticed the differences between the youngest five-year-olds and the oldest twelve-year-olds. As school-age children grow from kindergarteners to pre-teens, their bodies and minds undergo extraordinary changes. They are on their way to adulthood, and they are learning the skills they need to be successful in their homes, communities, and schools. Cognitive development is a major part of the changes you see, but it is not the only change. It is important to remember that physical development and social-emotional development also contribute to cognitive development during the school-age years. You will learn more about social-emotional development in the Social course and physical development in the Physical course. This lesson will highlight the cognitive developmental milestones you can expect during the school-age years.

里程碑

学龄儿童的思维技能在遇到新的人，地方和想法时越来越复杂。他们培养了从书籍，艺术，电影和经验的抽象方式学习的能力。您有令人兴奋的机会能够用正式教育，观看别人在成绩和学校之间移动时观察其他孩子的兴奋机会。作为一名学龄计划工作人员，您还有机会观察学龄儿童在学校时间以外学习的所有方式。下图突出了学龄龄阶段的认知发展。请记住，当涉及到孩子们遇到这些里程碑的特定年龄，每个孩子都是独一无二的，存在个别差异。正如您可能已经在其他课程中学到的那样，里程碑为何时期望出现某些技能或行为的何时提供指南。将里程碑视为帮助您理解和识别增长和发展的典型模式的指导方针，或帮助您了解作为学龄儿童成熟的何时何时寻找何时何地寻找。您可以使用此信息，您从家庭中学到的内容，以及您为学龄儿童创造的互动，经验和环境中的知识。

认知发展是一个独特的过程，是每个学龄儿童特有的。有时学龄儿童可能会表现出可能影响他们学习并影响其行为的认知困难。狗万app怎么下载这些困难可能被视为学龄儿童“经历舞台”。遇到困难的学龄儿童可能无法获得护理人员和其他成年人的适当干预措施，支持或护理。我们可能会忽略一些行为，因为我们认为它们与情绪变化有关大多数中期和早期的青少年学龄儿童经验。但是，某些行为不应该被忽视。这些包括（疾病和控制和预防中心，2014年）：

• Excessive depression
• 反社会行为，或无法与同龄人联系或适合同行组
• 付诸行动
• 难以入住学术任务

It's important to recognize behaviors that might be annoying to us (e.g., listening to loud music, talking back once in a while, occasional moody behavior) and behaviors that are truly hurtful (e.g., excessive depression, antisocial, harmful risk-taking). If you are concerned about a school-age child's development, those feelings should not be ignored.

如果您担心孩子的发展，与您的教练，教练或主管谈话，以便您能够集思广益，并与父母一起讨论您的观察。这可能是困难的，但它可以达到满足孩子的需求。随着您的主管，培训师或教练以及计划管理的指导，您可以与典型儿童开发的家庭分享信息，并让他们知道您可以讨论。

最终,如果家庭担心孩子d's development, they should talk to the child's pediatrician about their concerns. The pediatrician can perform developmental screenings and possibly refer the child to specialists. Families should also contact their local school district. The school district can arrange a free evaluation of the child's development. This can help the child get the services and help he or she needs.

See

就像孩子的身体通过学龄龄的成长一样，他们的大脑也在增长。您将看到儿童思想技能的重大变化在五岁和12岁之间的历史上。观看此视频，了解学龄儿童和青年的里程碑。

学龄儿童认知发展

做

A school-age child's positive cognitive development can sometimes be disrupted and they may not achieve the expected milestones. This can cause a delay in learning. Youth programs, such as before, after, and summer- school programs, can play a key role in helping school-age children develop and enhance their thinking. Researchers suggest using school-age children's personal strengths might increase the likelihood of positive healthy development (Benson, 2006). This has been called a "developmental assets" approach, and you can learn more about this approach in the Apply section of this lesson. The following is a list of ways you can support school-age children's development.

• 为学龄儿童提供思想挑衅材料和挑战游戏，以便或当他们有一些停机时完成。
• 为学龄儿童提供各种发育合适和文化多样化的书籍。
• Model the values of caring, respect, honesty, and responsibility.
• Make sure that the space is culturally sensitive and that there are no negative portrayals of different genders, races, or ethnicities.
• 确保空间反映了学龄儿童的需求和利益。
• 提供学龄儿童可以冷却或降低压力的空间。
• 允许学龄儿童设计或个性化部分空间。
• 实施儿童和青年可以利用他们的优势和能力的活动。