Know

The Importance of Healthy Environments

Have you ever gone to a restaurant and sat down at a sticky table or found dried food on your fork? Have you ever hesitated about picking up a pen at the bank or grocery store because the person in front of you had a cold? Have you ever put a public toilet seat down with your foot just to avoid touching it? Have you ever stayed in a hotel room that made you want to avoid touching the comforter or the remote control?

大多数人都经历过其中一些不舒服和压力的健康状况。作为成年人，我们可以通过访问不同的餐厅或酒店，或者在我们离开银行或厕所摊位后立即洗手来回应这种情况。我们希望保持健康，我们希望相信我们的环境合理干净。孩子和他们的家人有这些愿望。儿童发展计划必须提供干净的环境，防止传染病的传播。您有责任确保儿童有一个安全和健康的游戏和学习环境。狗万app怎么下载

细菌

细菌are the cause of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, germs cannot be seen by the naked eye and they are generally transmitted without us even knowing it. Germs are transmitted as a result of:

• Direct contact：Touching the fluid from another person's infection (e.g., saliva, nasal mucus), transmitted through environmental objects, such as toys, cabinet handles, equipment, or person to person. It only takes a small drop of fluid for transmission to occur.
• 呼吸道：当某人打喷嚏或咳嗽时，通过嘴巴和鼻子传播。
• Blood infections：Spread when blood, and sometimes other bodily fluids with may contain blood, enters the blood stream of another person.
• Fecal-oral transmission：Spread to a person's mouth (oral) via hands soiled with feces that touch food, surfaces or objects. Germs from feces are invisible. Hands and surfaces may appear clean, though feces germs can still be present. Disease from fecal-oral transmission can make adults and children very ill.

显然无法完全消除TH.e transmission of germs, especially with all the play and material sharing that happens in school-age programs, but there are ways to decrease the transmission of germs among youth, staff and families. In addition to following your program's health related policies, it is essential that you adhere to your program's cleaning and sanitation requirements and follow proper hand washing procedures (see Lesson Two for more on hand washing).

清洁，消毒和消毒：有什么区别？

虽然我们经常使用清洁，消毒和消毒单词，但它们每个都有自己的含义。为了为儿童提供安全和健康的环境，您需要了解每个学期（美国儿科学院，美国公共卫生协会，育儿和早教和早期教育的国家资源中心的美国儿科学院，美国儿科和安全的国家资源中心之间的差异。这将有助于您了解哪些产品为每个目的设计。

1. 打扫means to remove dirt or debris from a surface and sometimes involves scrubbing or friction in order to remove the debris. For example, you spray a table with a mix of water and detergent to remove food products and debris after a meal.
2. 消毒means to reduce germs on a surface. When you sanitize a surface, it meets most health regulations. Sanitizing products usually are not effective unless the surface has been cleaned first. After cleaning the table with detergent and water, you spray an approved mix of water and bleach to sanitize the table and kill germs.
3. 消毒意味着在表面上摧毁大多数细菌。当它与体液接触时，通常需要消毒表面。消毒通常需要更强的漂白剂混合物。应消毒水槽，厕所和台面。

请记住，校龄儿童或青少年不应靠近表面，材料和玩具（包括膳食和小吃桌子和洗手间），而表面或物品正在消毒或消毒。吸入化学品，因为它们被施加，可能是危险的。所有化学物质都应被锁定和放松儿童。

Any products you use to clean, sanitize, or disinfect should be approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to ensure they are safe for you to use. When you clean, sanitize, or disinfect, you should follow approved procedures. Typically, this means washing the materials or surface by hand with soap or detergent and water, sanitizing or disinfecting, and allowing the object to air dry. You can also use a dishwasher to sanitize toys or materials if it has a sanitize setting or a high-temperature option. School-age children can help with cleaning surfaces with a soap and water mixture, but staff members should be responsible for sanitizing or disinfecting.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommend that if an EPA approved disinfectant is not available, then you should use a fresh chlorine bleach solution. The DHHS and CDC provide the following guidelines on preparing and using the solution:

• Add 1 tablespoon of bleach to 1 quart (4 cups) of water. For a larger supply of disinfectant, add ¼ cup of bleach to 1 gallon (16 cups) of water.
• 用布将溶液涂抹在表面上。
• Let it stand for 3 to 5 minutes.
• 用清水冲洗表面。

看

清洁和健康的环境是什么样的学龄儿童？在这些环境中，清洁是一种习惯。喷雾瓶可用于清洁和消毒;每天改变肥皂混合物和漂白混合物。观看下面的视频，看看学龄员工成员是否保持清洁健康的环境。

Maintaining A Healthy Classroom

标准和通用预防措施

减少可引起感染的微生物（细菌）传播风险的另一种方法是练习标准或普遍的预防措施。标准预防措施涵盖了您可以接触到体液的所有情况，但通用预防措施专门应用于与血液接触，并且不适用于与粪便，鼻腔分泌物，痰，汗液，泪液，尿液，唾液或呕吐物接触，否则这些体液还含有血液。在儿童保育设置中，标准预防措施涉及使用屏障，以防止与另一个人的身体流体接触，以及清洁和消毒受污染的表面。您可以阅读更多关于标准预防措施的更多信息标准和通用预防措施适用于儿童保育设施attached below.

您可能用来帮助防止身体流体接触的障碍可能包括：

• Disposable towels
• 手套
• 塑料袋，牢固密封

当可能涉及含有血液的血液或体液时，应始终使用一次性无孔手套。

手套are optional for contact with other bodily fluids described above, but check with your coach, trainer, or supervisor for times your program or Service guidelines recommend using gloves.

每当穿戴手套时，你应该练习良好的手工卫生。看Lesson Two有关适用手套程序的信息，请参阅手动和下面的应用部分附件。

Do

Your role is critical in ensuring your program is a clean and healthy environment where children learn and thrive. This section describes what you can do to keep your program environment healthy and the Apply section provides a more detailed schedule to help support healthy practices.

保持您的计划健康

玩具和课堂材料

许多孩子每天都可以使用一个玩具。玩具可以成为细菌的家园，特别是如果孩子咳嗽或打喷嚏，在擦拭鼻子后处理它们，或在厕所后触摸它们。定期清洁和消毒您房间里的玩具非常重要。这是如何：

• 保持一个盒子或垃圾箱标记为“弄脏玩具”。当一个孩子或青少年咳嗽或打喷嚏时，请他们将玩具或材料放在垃圾箱里。据美国人科院介绍，您可以在垃圾箱中保留肥皂水，或者箱子可以是储存玩具的干燥点，直到您可以清洁它们。在将材料返回到学习环境之前，请确保清洁和消毒。狗万app怎么下载
• 清洁活动空间，装扮衣服，以及至少每周收割机可清洗的布料玩具。
• 每天清洁帽子。
• You can put plastic toys in the dishwasher to clean and sanitize them.

教室表面

程序中的许多曲面可能有多种用途服务。也许你在后来用于棋盘游戏的桌子上提供零食，或者孩子使用相同的水槽在使用洗手间或艺术之后用同样的水槽洗手。按计划清洁，消毒和消毒表面可以帮助您保持健康的环境。以下是您房间内表面的准则：

• 每次使用后清洁和消毒计算机键盘。
• 干净的and disinfect door knobs and handles daily.
• 干净的and sanitize food-preparation surfaces before and after each use.
• 干净的and sanitize dishes after each use.
• 在每次使用之前和之后清洁和消毒食品桌子和托盘。
• 每次使用后清洁台面并每天消毒。
• 如果您的教室里有一个，请每月清洁冰箱。
• 干净的TH.e floors daily.
• 每天清洁和消毒饮水机。
• 每天清洁手机接收器。
• Vacuum carpets daily.

Toileting Areas

洗手间是细菌和细菌最有可能传播的位置。保持厕所区清洁非常重要。这些指南将帮助您限制污染：

• 干净的and disinfect sinks and faucets daily. If the sink is also used for non-toileting routines, disinfect it after toileting use.
• 每天清洁和消毒台面。
• 干净的and disinfect floors daily.

外套，帽子和个人物品

Lice and skin infections can be spread through coats, jackets, hats and personal belongings that are stored and cleaned improperly. Follow these suggestions for maintaining healthy environments:

• 存储每个孩子的物品(尤其是外套,hats and jackets that may have contact with one's head) separate from the other children's belongings.
• 干净的out cubbies or locker spaces before they are used by another child.

Also, if you use blankets in your program (e.g., for fort building or as comforting items in your reading or library space), remember to launder them at least monthly, or weekly if they come into contact with children's skin.

If your program uses a pool, offers water play, or other experiences where children's clothes can get wet or even damp with sweat, remember to encourage children to hang them up to dry, and take them home to be laundered at least weekly. Mold and fungus can easily grow in damp, confined surfaces.

完成本课程

有关本课程中的预期，健康环境的更多信息能力反思, and a list of the accompanying Learn, Explore and Apply resources and activities offered throughout the lessons, visit the School-Age Healthy EnvironmentsCourse Guide。

Please note the References & Resources section at the end of each lesson outlines reference sources and resources to find additional information on the topics covered. As you complete lessons, you are not expected to review all the online references available. However, you are welcome to explore the resources further if you have interest, or at the request of your trainer, coach, or administrator.