知道

洗手

洗手是你可以在你的计划中保持自己和孩子和青年的最重要的事情。洗手队停止疾病和感染的传播，这对您和儿童很重要。研究发现，适当的洗手减少了50％的儿童和成年人腹泻型疾病的发生。它还可以帮助预防感冒，流感和其他感染。必须知道成年人和孩子应该如何洗手。

健康的习惯在初期开始，您可以教会儿童对如何预防疾病和感染的大小。有三种主要方面可以进入身体：通过与咳嗽和打喷嚏，切割和刮擦的粘液，切割和刮擦，以及与血液和其他体液接触。作为一名学龄员工，重要的是要知道如何防止这些来源的疾病传播以及如何促进卫生惯例。保持清洁手是我们可以采取的最重要的步骤之一，以避免生病和向他人传播细菌。你教孩子的技能也可以帮助这些实践回家。最近的一项研究表明，在使用公共洗手间后，只有31％的男性和65％的女性洗手。（犹大等，2009）。

咳嗽和打喷嚏

When someone coughs or sneezes, tiny particles are released into the air. These particles can contain germs. When we breathe in these particles or touch a surface that has been contaminated, we increase our risk of getting sick. The risk increases if we touch our eyes, nose, or mouth. Proper handwashing after sneezing, coughing into your hand, or blowing your nose is important to maintain a healthy environment and to avoid the spread of disease.

呼吸道感染和细菌通过咳嗽和打喷嚏。除了咳嗽或打喷嚏后的洗手，这里还有一些简单的方法，可以减少那些空气毒细菌的传播：

• 咳入你的手肘而不是你的手。学龄儿童和青少年可以证明这种技术，但他们可能不记得一直这样做。模拟这种做法是帮助他们开始健康的实践。疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）提供了一张海报，帮助加强了多种语言中提供的这种做法。看https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/covercough.htmfor details.
• Cover sneezes with a disposable tissue if one is available. Dispose of tissues in a hands-free trash can.

将组织保留在整个节目中，当您外出时与您带走，以确保学校管理员有机会练习这种健康的习惯。您可以使用大量的纸巾，但这是形成很重要的良好习惯。当然，在使用组织并将其扔掉后，你和孩子们需要洗手。

Cuts, Scrapes, and Sores

作为伤口愈合，它们可能会滴下，渗出或排出。这些流体可以传播感染，伤口本身也易受感染。美国儿科学院（2011年）建议覆盖和含有泄漏的任何伤口。如果伤口如此严重或大，则不能包含，孩子或成年人应该留在家，直到SCAB开发。手工卫生在与您自己的另一个工作人员或儿童溃疡，削减或刮擦之后，在接触之前和之后至关重要。

血液和其他体液

Blood can carry a variety of pathogens. Bloodborne pathogens include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Transmission of these diseases in child care is rare. They are most frequently transmitted through needle sticks or when blood or other body fluid enters the body through eyes, nose, mouth, or broken skin. These diseases are not spread through saliva, sweat, or vomit. Casual contact like hugging, sharing a cup, using a public restroom, or coughing and sneezing do not spread bloodborne diseases.

However, to promote hygiene practices and decrease the chance of contracting various infectious diseases, you should wash your hands before and after helping a child or another staff member who has been injured, and after handling bodily fluids of any kind (i.e., mucus, blood, vomit, saliva, urine), and you should wear gloves. You should wash hands immediately after contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, or wound dressings and bandages. Once again, it is important to wear gloves when you may come into contact with blood or body fluids which may contain blood. More about the use and removal of gloves is provided in Lesson One. Every step of the handwashing procedure is important to the whole process and a missed step can cause re-contamination and the spread of germs. A poster showing proper handwashing procedures should be posted by every adult and child sink for reference (see Apply section). In addition, handwashing supplies should always be well stocked and accessible.

看

适当的洗手技术很重要。虽然看起来很简单，但有几个步骤必须采取措施来确保你的手很干净。观看这个视频有关为什么洗手是如此至关重要，以及所有的孩子，青年和工作人员都应该洗手。

Proper Hand Hygiene

When handwashing is done correctly, it can be the easiest way to help keep yourself and your children healthy. Be sure to have liquid soap, water and paper towels available, and always remember to model good handwashing techniques yourself.

Do

什么时候洗手

适当的手动卫生将有助于让您和孩子保持健康，因为它可以防止疾病传播。知道什么时候洗手就像了解如何洗手一样重要。预防疾病的传播取决于警惕洗手。你应该洗手：

• 当你早上上班或休息后重新进入房间
• 当你搬到另一个孩子的另一个房间时
• 每当你的手视觉上脏或弄脏
• 准备食物之前和之后
• Before and after eating, handling food, or feeding a child
• 服用药物之前和之后
• Before and after contact with your own or a child's sores, cuts, or scrapes
• 在帮助孩子或其他受伤的工作人员之前和之后
• Before and after playing in water
• 处理动物或清理动物废物之前
• 使用洗手间后
• After helping a child who has had an accident, or any child that might need assistance toileting
• 处理任何种类的体液（即粘液，血液，呕吐物，唾液，尿液）
• 在沙子或户外玩
• 处理垃圾或清洁后
• 去除一次性手套后
• 在处理未煮过的食物之后
• 在帮助孩子洗他或她的手后
• 打喷嚏后，咳嗽到你的手中，或吹鼻子
• 在帮助一个打喷嚏的孩子后
• 来自户外后

教孩子如何洗手

当你教孩子们如何洗手时，你就可以为他们提供重要的生活技能。这项技能可以帮助您和孩子们保持健康。您应该教孩子们在您的注意中遵循您遵循的相同的洗手程序。这使您可以成为良好的卫生实践的典范。就像你一样，孩子和年轻人应该在早上到达一天的时候洗手，如上所述。

To help develop good hygiene practices, you should make sure a child-height sink or a safe step is available to the children. Make sure children follow these steps every time:

• 孩子们应该在水流中完全潮湿。
• 涂肥皂。
• 沐浴肥皂。记得教孩子们擦洗所有表面，包括他们手的背部，手腕之间，在他们的手指之间，珠宝之间，在他们的指甲下。
• 继续摩擦手至少20秒。红十字会和疾病疾病疾病疾病建议哼着一个简单的简单，就像从头到尾的“生日快乐”歌曲两次。这将让您了解20秒的时间。
• 在自来水下冲洗双手。
• 使用清洁的纸巾擦干手或使用空气干燥器。确保从未共享毛巾。始终拥有足够的纸巾和肥皂。
• 用毛巾关闭水龙头。然后用毛巾打开任何门并扔掉。（如果您的程序使用无触控自动水龙头，您的过程可能会略有不同。）

You should also hang photos or a poster above each sink to help remind children about proper handwashing. In the Apply section, there are examples of posters you can use in your program.

If no sink is available (on a field trip, for example), check with your supervisor to see if alcohol-based hand sanitizers are approved for use in your program. If so, supervise the children closely and teach them how to rub their hands together and let the sanitizer air dry. Hand sanitizers are only effective if hands are not visibly soiled.

Respond to teachable moments as occasions arise in your program and use these as opportunities to remind children when and how to wash their hands properly. For example, if you notice a child sneezing into his or her hands and then touching toys or other classroom surfaces, praise the child for 'covering' their sneeze and remind him or her that they should wash their hands after sneezing. At the same time, make sure you follow procedures to properly clean and sanitize toys and surfaces the child may have touched after sneezing.