Know

Part of your role as a school-age staff member will be to support the physical development of the children in your care. In order to do this properly, it is important that you understand what types of physical activities are appropriate and necessary for school-age children.

电机开发

Motor development, or the growth of muscular coordination, occurs rapidly during the first five years of a child’s life. School-age children continue to develop and strengthen their motor skills in a more slow and detailed way. Motor development involves two separate components: gross-motor skills and fine-motor skills. Gross-motor skills are actions that use the large muscles in our bodies, such as those in our arms and legs for walking, running and jumping. Fine-motor skills are actions that use smaller muscles, such as those in our fingers and toes for writing or balancing.

大型电机开发

Most school-age children will have developed their basic gross-motor skills, but as school-age children grow and develop physically, they continue to develop their larger muscles. School-age children can continue developing their large-muscle skills through practice and repetition. For example, if an 8-year-old wants to learn how to throw a baseball, he or she should practice the action repetitively over a period of time in order to develop the skill.

Children who are experiencing growth spurts often lack coordination and seem clumsy. They may have had a growth spurt in their torso and arms but not in their legs, or their feet might finish growing fully before the rest of their body. Children going through these phases will have to work especially hard to excel at certain athletic skills. Later in this course, you will learn how you can support the emotional needs of school-age children who are experiencing this type of development.

You can help support the physical development of larger muscles by including certain activities into your plans. The table below contains examples of activities that support large-muscle development and ideas on how to incorporate them into your plans.

精细电机开发

Fine-motor skills are the actions that involve using our small muscles found in our fingers, hands, toes, and feet. School-age children will already have a firm grasp on most fine motor skills. They will be able to use utensils, draw, tie their shoelaces, and use clasps and buttons. The development of these skills and muscles will differ in each child. Sometimes, if a child’s eye-hand coordination skills are not as developed, it will be difficult for them to strengthen their fine-motor skills. Like all developmental milestones, these tend to even out over time, and by age 12, most children will have mastered eye-hand coordination. Examples of activities that can help strengthen fine-motor skills are:

Writing, drawing, and painting	写一封信或绘制图片来发送给住在其他地方的家庭成员或朋友。
Playing musical instruments	Allow children to create their own song with musical instruments and encourage other children to make up words or dance along.
使用计算机和鼠标	利用计算机制作列表，键入传记以附加到艺术品，寻找食谱和播放教育游戏。
Crafts	Provide opportunities to use scissors, sew, crochet, and string beads together.
Exploring	When outdoors, children can pick up and examine objects just as leaves, twigs, and rocks that they find in the environment.

Right Fit Activities

当计划学龄儿童的体育活动时，选择“适合契合”的活动非常重要。这意味着他们对年轻的孩子来说不是太容易或意味着，同时确保他们对不可成熟的期望来说并不太难。您希望通过让他们达到目标，赢取游戏或实现个人最佳的机会，让孩子们成功。规划活动是有趣，发育合适的，并旨在保持学龄儿童身体活动将成为您作为学龄工作人员的角色的一部分。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that school-age children be physically active for a minimum of 60 minutes each day. They also recommend a combination of aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening and bone-strengthening exercises or activities. The table below is from the CDC and lists details of activities that fall into these three categories. Because school-age children range from young children to early adolescents, the information should be used accordingly, depending on the ages of children in your care.

Not only is it important for children to participate in the correct amount of physical activity each day, they also need to participate in the correct types of physical activity. When planning physical activities for school-age children, you should choose fun, interactive activities that children will enjoy doing. The chart above is a great place to start for a variety of activities. Keep activities developmentally appropriate for school-age children by avoiding certain activities that are unsafe or too difficult, such as weight training or activities that are overly vigorous.

It is also important to determine level of difficulty for your particular group of school-age children, which is based on their abilities. After becoming familiar with the variety of physical fitness levels of the children in your care, you can begin to plan activities with their particular abilities in mind. It is important to find a balance between activities that are easy and activities that will be challenging. It is OK to plan activities that children will find challenging as long as they are safe. You can allow them to test the limits of their physical abilities and try to achieve a personal best.

Being Active: Indoor

在室内提供学龄儿童积极选择，有助于支持他们的积极生活方式。适用于室内空间的体育活动通常分为两类。首先是有目的地计划体育活动的活动，通常在大型房间或健身类型的环境中。其他室内活动通常被称为“动作游戏”。这些是可以在较小的课堂尺寸空间中完成的活动，并且通常用于加强课程或概念。

室内活动：大空间

户外空间计划的许多活动都可以适应室内游戏。根据您的计划中提供的空间，只要有足够的空间可以安全地在室内就可以在室内演播，如标签，足球，旗帜足球，闪光球或篮球等空间。室内空间的其他想法是：

• 小组练习级：邀请专业培训师或使用DVD来教育学龄儿童特定的运动动作和惯例。
• Dance: Dancing is a fun way for children to burn some energy. Have free-form dancing or instructor-led dancing for school-age children. You can also have dance offs or competitions or choreograph a dance for families to watch.
• 瑜伽：瑜伽是放松和蜿蜒而来的好方法。它还教导了他们重要的协调，平衡和拉伸技术。如果无法使用教师，请考虑使用书籍和DVD作为指导。
• 清道夫狩猎
• Relay races
• Simon Says
• 跳绳

It is important to note that the use of commercial DVDs for physical fitness activities may require written consent for public viewing and use. If you are interested in utilizing DVDs in your classroom, consult with your administrator, trainer, or coach.

Indoor Activities: Action Games

行动游戏是将运动纳入学龄儿童日常生活的好方法。您可以使用动作游戏作为概念强化或过渡的工具。行动游戏也是在接送时间前几分钟填写的时候是一个很好的选择，或者如果活动不完全按照你的计划。行动游戏的例子是Simon说或Charades。附加到本课程，您将找到Web和打印材料的资源列表，其中包含更多这些类型的游戏。关于这种活动的伟大事物之一是，这些游戏通常不需要任何供应。

Being Active: Outdoor

在学习环境课程狗万app怎么下载中，您了解了户外空间的样子，包括安全要求。并非所有室外空间都是一样的。有些程序有大型开放空间，游乐场设备，草地或铺砌区域。其他人可以在学校或公园使用共享空间。在户外空间中的体育活动是激励儿童活跃的好方法。有时，游戏和其他活动将被视为免费播放。这将是学龄儿童可能发挥篮球或标签的游戏​​，或者使用他们的想象力创造自己的游戏。尽可能加入这些类型的游戏期间。这将证明您还致力于积极，并将设置一个很好的例子。

将计划其他户外活动。一些例子是：

• 运动游戏:大多数类型的体育游戏可以适应play with school-age children. You should spend time going over the rules of the game. If you have an expert in your group, let her or him be the leader and share the rules of the game.
• Field-day activities：大袋比赛，清道夫狩猎，气球投掷等有趣的场日活动是为您的外部时间表增加计划时间的好方法。
• Mock tournaments: Hold tournaments for athletic games or Olympic style competitions.
• 标签：学龄儿童喜欢玩各种“标签，你是它”游戏，如冻结标签或彩色标签。他们还将享受创造自己的变化。
• 健身测试: You can contact local agencies to find information about what physical fitness tests are used for other sports training.
• Cheerleading：啦啦队涉及协调，平衡和力量。有些孩子喜欢写作和开发自己的欢呼声。

When planning physical activities for school-age children, it is important to remember that not all children will have the same abilities. Don’t let a child who is not athletic feel left out of the game. Promote a team atmosphere by providing encouragement for all players. When playing team sports, it is a good idea to promote playing for fun and experience rather than winning. This will help alleviate stress for less-athletic children. If you have a few children that have well-developed skills, allow them to take the lead and be a captain or share their skills by being a trainer. This will help all children feel that they have an important part to play.

感官发展：它是什么？

我们的感官的发展是物理发展的重要组成部分。在非常幼儿中，感官发展是有助于婴儿和幼儿在他们周围的世界中了解的原因。随着孩子的增长，他们的感官发展变得更加精致和细致。我们的感官允许我们处理环境。

所有儿童（和成年人）以不同的方式处理周围环境。这就是为什么所有孩子不喜欢同样的食物或听同样的音乐。每个人都通过他们的感官以不同的方式诠释他们周围的世界。然后，基于该过程，大脑对如何进行决定。如果舌头发现了极其苦味的话，大脑会说，“让我们再试一次！”如果双手触摸一些非常热的东西，大脑会学会再次触摸那个地方。

所有儿童将受益于在环境中进行计划的感官活动。激活感官的任何活动都可以被认为是感官活动。下图提供了适合学龄儿童适合的感官活动的一些示例。

Activity	计划ning Idea
aud The way we process the sounds around us	音乐猜测游戏 Pitch matching Echo games (Marco Polo) 声音测序游戏
视觉的 我们处理我们周围图像的方式	Memory recall games Story telling with photographs
触 The way we process objects that make contact with our bodies	发现对象本质上 Sensory substances (molding dough, slime, etc.) 艺术活动
嗅觉 The way we process the scents around us	Blind smell tests 果味猜测游戏
Gustatory 我们的口味芽过程甜，酸，苦味和咸的样品的方式	盲味测试 Food comparisons

Supporting All Learners

You may find that some school-age children in your program have trouble with handwriting or perhaps organizing their school work. Others may struggle with figuring out the steps in games or with spontaneous play interaction. If you have children who have these experiences, you may have to adapt your environment as well as your activities to help them to succeed. If you are working with children with special learning needs, think about how your existing practices are enabling them to succeed.

Some children in your care may have conditions that affect their motor development, including physical and cognitive disabilities, neurological and perceptual disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Children with individualized education programs (IEPs) have a specific plan that helps them meet their personal goals and objectives. In general, these children will already have changes and adaptations to their school curriculum and classroom environment. Children with physical and other developmental disabilities may need related services to ensure they fully access their classroom and school curriculum, activities, environments, extracurricular activities, and events. You will have to make sure that your activities in the school-age program also have been adapted and changed. Even something as simple as providing a left-handed mouse for left-handed children may enhance their abilities to learn and develop.

具有身体残疾的儿童可能具有困难的运动协调和肌肉力量。虽然有些孩子可能能够以最小或没有帮助地参与游戏和自助活动，但其他儿童可能需要很大的支持，并且可能需要使用辅助技术，包括轮椅或支架等设备，或通信设备使他们能够探索周围环境并与他人互动。其他具有身体残疾的儿童也可能存在视觉，听证或智力障碍，这些损害需要在日常课堂活动时使用重要的支持和住宿。您可能与肌肉间距低的儿童合作，导致平衡差，您将不得不支持他们的访问和参与电机活动。您也可能遇到有时可能非常活跃，冲动或更容易分散注意力的注意力缺陷缺陷/多动障碍的孩子，并且您必须支持他们的成功参与您的计划活动。

Connecting with Nature

The busy lifestyles of a military family can result in a lot of indoor time for school-age children. They might spend the majority of their day in a school setting, only going outside for their designated 60 minutes a day. Having a love and respect for the outdoors will increase the chances of children learning to make physical activity a part of their lives. Encourage as much outdoor time as possible, plan activities that include their natural surroundings, and bring the outside indoors to learn and discover.

See

As you will see in this video, there are a wide variety of activities that support a school-age child’s physical development.

Connecting with nature is important for school-age children because being outdoors encourages healthy habits and behaviors. In this video, you will hear a program director discuss how they encourage a love for nature at their program.

Do

1.Learn。Take time to learn the differences between the main types of exercise: moderate, vigorous, bone strengthening and muscle strengthening. Also, learn what types of activities aren’t appropriate for school-age children.

2.计划。计划乐趣，为学龄儿童吸引室内和室外体育活动。花点时间学习他们的偏好并了解他们的技能水平。

3.是一个榜样。One of the best ways you can promote an active lifestyle is to live one yourself. Join in games, learn new skills and let children see you having fun while being active.