Know

The activities and experiences available in the learning environment should support the social-emotional development of school-age children. Your role will be to observe children in this environment and plan opportunities for them to play, interact, and socialize with their peers.

The Importance of Play

在播放中观察孩子时，它可能似乎都是乐趣和游戏，但实际上有很多艰苦的工作和学习。狗万app怎么下载学龄儿童在其结构上学日内有许多责任和期望，所以在他们的课后计划中，他们需要花时间进行非结构化的戏剧。免费游戏允许孩子们使用他们的想象力来假装游戏，并创造，梦想和探索。游戏是儿童使用最重要的方式之一，这些方式培养他们的社交技能。研究表明，当孩子们从事游戏时，他们不仅仅是乐趣，他们正在努力下面：

• 练习谈判，轮流，分享，妥协，表达情感，并倾听另一个人的感受等社交技巧
• 学习ing how to participate in a conversation with another person and understanding when it is time to listen or respond
• 狗万app怎么下载学习如何在赢得或输掉一场比赛、运动或活动时表现得体
• 理解公平正义等品质
• 狗万app怎么下载学习如何遵循规则和发展自我监管
• 培养移情和动机
• 提高创造力和解决问题的能力

Further, research has shown that, in addition to the skills they are learning and developing, there are many other positives from having children engage in play:

• 从事社会和戏剧性游戏的儿童更能够能够从另一个人的角度来观看情境，并被教师视为更有智力和社会主管。（康诺特利，1984年; Sawyer，2001）。
• Outdoor play helps improve children’s physical well-being, attention, conflict resolution skills, coordination, and weight (Clements & Jarrett, 2000; Council on Physical Education for Children, 2001; Fjortoft, 2001; National Associaton of Early Childhood Specialislts in State Departments of Education, 2002).
• Children who play out events in a story have improved story comprehension and develop a stronger theory of mind—which is the understanding that others have different feelings, thoughts, views and beliefs (Pellegrini & Galda, 1980).
• Positive links between children’s dramatic play and early reading achievement have been found (Pellegrini, 1980).

狗万app怎么下载学习社交技能几乎发生在任何播放体验中;然而，那些在自然中戏剧性或戏剧性的人为儿童提供了更多机会，以与同龄人练习他们的社交技能。戏剧性的游戏使儿童能够采取现实生活或幻想情景和情况。随着孩子们的成长，这些场景变得更加复杂，可能持续时间甚至几周。在戏剧性戏剧中互动时，儿童练习进行对话，共享信息，同理心和团队合作。

孩子们每天都有机会进行无组织的游戏，这一点至关重要。作为一名适龄工作人员，您的职责是培养和鼓励儿童发展他们的想象力和创造力。让孩子们放松，变傻，享受他们的休息时间，会给孩子们所需要的时间来练习他们自然发展的技能。

合作学习狗万app怎么下载

合作学习指的是一种学习环狗万app怎么下载境，由一群同龄人组成，他们朝着一个共同的目标共同努力。当学习者在老师的精心指导下，在一个支持性的学习环境中一起工作时，这种学习方式是最有效的。这一理论在学校环境中得到了广泛的应用，也可以应用到学龄教育中。合作学习的基础是，当孩子们，最好是来自各种背景和能力的混合体，朝着一个共同的目标一起工作，一起学习，发展社交和认知技能。合作学习的其他好处和成果包括：

• Children increase their friendship and respect for one another.
• Children’s self-esteem is enhanced.
• 孩子们有动力参与高阶思维。

作为一名适龄工作人员，你可以通过让孩子们一起参与项目来规划合作学习的机会。你可以发展由不同性格、性格和能力的孩子组成的小组，这样他们就可以互相学习狗万app怎么下载。把孩子们分成一个小组，让他们朝着一个共同的目标努力，你就是在帮助他们练习现实世界中的情景和经历所必需的社交技能。

Activities and Experiences

作为一个适龄工作人员,你会responsible for planning activities and experiences that help promote social-emotional development. Attached to this lesson, you will find a resource list to help plan these kinds of activities for school-age children. Although many of the resources may be focused on children who have difficulty developing social skills, all children can benefit from well planned experiences aimed at supporting a child’s social-emotional development.

Activities and experiences that help promote social-emotional development are those that include core abilities, such as:

• 自我意识和自我控制：孩子们意识到他们的感受和行为，并知道如何使用自我控制来规范他们的情绪和行为。
• Effective listening and observation: Children are able to participate in a conversation and understand the time for listening and responding. Children also understand how to read another’s body language and non-verbal cues.
• Knowledge of a range of emotions: Children understand a range of emotions, both of their own and their peers and how to respond to another’s feelings.
• Imagination: Children are able to see things from another’s point of view and empathize with others.
• Tolerance and acceptance: Children respect and celebrate differences in others.
• 解决问题：孩子们能够运用思考能力解决问题。

Although it is good practice to plan experiences and activities that will directly help to promote the social-emotional development of school-age children, it is also important to understand that this will happen naturally in the learning environment. Through play and learning experiences, children will be interacting and observing others, which will give them the opportunity to practice their social skills and behaviors. To support this, give children unstructured time for free play. This will allow conversations and interactions to occur. Use conflicts and situations that arise as a learning experience for children be sitting down to discuss what happened and what could have been done differently. Take time to help children express what they are feeling to one another and always encourage an atmosphere of respect and kindness.

解决学龄儿童的社会情感需求

发育障碍的孩子在您的program may also experience challenges with social-emotional skills. These challenges may affect the child’s ability to benefit from high-quality education and to engage in positive social interactions with peers and adults in your school-age program. Challenging behaviors are typical for children, but some children show persistent challenging behaviors that may affect their overall school experience. It is important to provide children with the support they need so they can benefit as much as possible from their school experiences. For these children, you may need to adapt your curriculum, environment and classroom experiences to enable them to be successful. Think about your activities, transitions, meal times, free-play time indoors and outdoors, or other program events. What are you during these times to ensure you address the needs of all children in your program?

您所照顾的一些儿童可能有影响其社会情绪发展的疾病，包括发育迟缓、自闭症、神经和知觉障碍，或语言和沟通障碍。个别化教育计划（IEP）的孩子有一个具体的计划来帮助他们实现他们的教育目标。通常，这些孩子需要改变或适应课程、项目环境和日常生活。你还必须与孩子的家庭和学校合作，以确保学校和家庭的一致性。

同伴介导的干预涉及策略，其中教师有目的地对有先进的社交情绪技能的儿童与正在进行这些技能的儿童合作。这些策略确保儿童在一天中有多次机会，以在日常生活中练习社交技能。例如，您可以将孩子们支持与朋友共享材料的实践和学习，例如与朋友一起读一本书，在游戏或活动期间轮流或回应朋友的娱乐要求。狗万app怎么下载还记得在考虑使用这些策略时，您应该选择社会能力，符合成人请求，受到其他儿童和同行的人的同行，以及那些拥有良好语言和戏剧技能的人，以及采取“教师”角色的人同龄人。You can teach these children to lead their peers who are practicing and learning social skills by: responding to a peer’s request to play, helping a peer play with a game or activity, suggesting an idea for pretend play, prompting a peer to share a toy, prompting a peer to select a game or activity, or prompting a peer to take turns with an activity or toy.

一些自闭症或发育障碍儿童将能够参与游戏和其他有语言提示和指示的社交活动。其他孩子将需要视觉支持，如视觉时间表，使活动，例行程序或指令可以理解和有意义的。对于需要帮助理解社会情境、事件或环境的孩子，你可以考虑使用社会故事或脚本。这些短篇故事描述了支持孩子学习和使用适当社交技能的社会活动或行为。它们可以由家庭成员或教师编写，并针对个别儿童的特殊需要。社会故事和脚本可以用来支持孩子的情况，如分享，排队，在公园玩，在活动时间参与，使用浴室和上车。下面的图片是一个关于准备和参与室内休息的社会故事的开始。狗万app怎么下载

As you have read throughout the Virtual Lab School courses, it is critical that you get to know the children in your program to be able to support their successful participation in your program experiences. Make sure all children and families feel welcome and involved. The Kids Included Together (KIT) program can be a valuable resource for ideas. You can also consider Building Blocks and Kara’s Kit. These resources from the Council for Exceptional Children Division for Early Childhood provide practical, real world ways to help children succeed in their environments.

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Social-Emotional Development: Experiences and Activities

Do

作为一个适龄工作人员,你会responsible for supporting the social-emotional development of children. Because social skills are such a core value for human beings, their development occurs naturally when children are given opportunites for interaction, imagination, and play. Your role will be to:

• 支持children as they develop their social skills by creating an environment bases on respect and kindness.
• 模型表达情感的健康方式，与他人互动，并应对压力。
• Plan activities that encourage children to work together in cooperative learning environments. Group children in a way that gives children of varied backgrounds and capabilities a chance to work together and learn from each other.
• Allow for the development of social skills to occur naturally in the learning environment by giving children time to play and interact in an unstructured way. Give children time to relax, imagine and have conversations with their peers.