介绍以家庭为中心的练习

Because families are central to their children's development, particularly during the early-childhood years, they are partners, active participants, and decision-makers in their children's education process. As a result,family-centered practice被认为是早期儿童教育，计划和服务的质量指标之一。在家庭为中心的实践中，信念是家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者（Sandall，Hemmeter，Smith，＆Mclean，2005）。

Family-centered practice also means that you, and all program staff, understand the important effect all family members have on each other and on the individual child. Each family member affects the other and the ways that the family functions. All family members are interconnected. From our families, we learn skills that enable us to engage in school and the workplace.

在考虑以家庭为中心的实践时，您将每个孩子或青少年视为更大系统的一部分;您将家庭成员视为整个家庭系统。作为您的T＆C或经理，您可以帮助计划人员意识到和对家庭内部发生的相互作用和关系感到意识到并敏感，以及影响它们的外部互动和支持。重要的是，您的整个计划人员明白，以维护与家庭的关系并有效地工作，您学习，尊重和理解每个家庭及其支持系统的特征。您还可以考虑可能影响家庭参与的特征和压力。什么影响一个家庭成员可以影响所有家庭成员。一个家庭是一个复杂的系统，其中没有一个成员可以隔离地看。

在整个虚拟实验室学校，我们将家庭中心的练习视为一种涵盖人们在您的计划中的信仰和行动的守则。考虑一下此表：

以科素为本 Family-centered practice is a set of beliefs and actions that influence how we engage families.
Beliefs	行动s
家庭是孩子生命中最重要的决策者。	我们了解家庭的想法和偏好。 我们在编程中提供选择。 我们涉及计划领导的家庭。 我们涉及在决策中的家庭。
家庭是独一无二的，他们的差异丰富了我们的计划。	我们尊重和尊重多样性。 我们涉及孩子生命中的所有重要人物。 我们聘请并涉及家庭。 We develop responsive and reciprocal relationships. 我们代表我们的计划中的家庭。
家庭是有弹性的。	We learn about families' strengths, needs, and circumstances. 我们将家庭与资源连接。 我们建立家庭的优势。
家庭是发展和学习的核心。狗万app怎么下载	We share information with families. 我们听家人。 我们将家人视为孩子的第一任教师。 我们尊重家庭对孩子的专业知识。
Families are our partners.	We use respectful, responsive, and two-way communication. We reach out to families. We involve families in all aspects of our program.

作为T＆C或计划经理，您应该努力了解程序中的家庭。您应该为计划人员传达和型号，以了解每个孩子和家庭的重要性，因为这会为您创造更多支持儿童或青少年的机会。您可以在家庭参与课程中了解有关家庭中心实践的更多信息。

欢迎每个孩子和家人

Where do you feel welcomed? What happens in that place that makes you feel welcome? Do families feel welcome when they come to their child's classroom? How are families greeted when they call the program or ask a question?

条例和项目经理领导角色when it comes to welcoming families to the program. As a leadership team, T&Cs and program managers should discuss how they will unite to support the program's mission to not only care for children but to also care deeply about the children's families. T&Cs and program managers set the tone for the program. They welcome parents in ways that make them feel connected to the program. Just as they care about how the children are welcomed, they pay attention to how parents are included in the program not only at drop-off and pick-up times, but throughout their child's day.

It is important that T&Cs or program managers ask parents how they want to be involved, and remind family members that they are a vital part of the program. Parents should be able to choose to be involved in many ways-for military families in particular, it is critical to have flexibility in how parents can participate. Equally important, T&Cs should have conversations with program staff, and observe their interactions with families, to ensure families are appropriately welcomed and have multiple ways to be involved in their child's particular classroom.

父母希望对该计划和孩子进行有意义的对话。作为T＆C或Manager，重要的是您有助于确保在每个教室内发生这种情况。特别是T＆CS应该花时间观察接送或下降互动，以及在儿童保育方案中，审查家长教师会议文件，帮助工作人员反思他们如何对孩子进行沟通，以及它们如何使用这些了解有关家庭的更多信息，并与每个孩子的家人形成合作关系。当父母在课堂或更大的程序中志愿者时，他们需要明确的方向，目的，并了解他们的期望是什么。服务于计划咨询委员会的父母需要知道他们的声音与董事会中的其他人同样重要。

此外,一个家庭手册可以帮助条例program managers in talking with parents about program mission, philosophy, policies, procedures, roles, and responsibilities. For program managers, this can be a great informational item to share with families as you enroll them in your program, and opens the door for you to share more about the program, and answer families' questions. Asking parents for ideas to add or include in the family handbook is another way to demonstrate that families are important decision-makers and part of the program community.

确保家庭的另一个核心方面在您的计划中感到欢迎，确认计划工作人员更新有关孩子日和周的家庭。正在进行的沟通，包括双向沟通，父母和儿童的照顾者交流有关孩子的信息，很重要。代表孩子共同努力所有缔约方。计划工作人员在不确定如何与儿童家庭接近特定问题或主题时，还必须能够联系到T＆CS或计划管理人员。应该准备好的T＆CS和计划经理，帮助计划人员学习如何敏感地接近家庭。有时候T＆CS或计划经理可能是看护人和家长之间的会议的一部分，或者他们可能会帮助工作人员为会议做好准备，并确保他们有适当的时间和空间与家庭沟通。

T&Cs and program managers may have to explain to families why the program promotes developmentally appropriate practice, how the chosen curriculum supports youth development, and stages of development. Sharing information with families that helps them be better informed as parents is a component of program leadership. You may do this in the form of print resources, family workshop nights, and in one-on-one, or team meetings with individual families.

计划经理should have clear feedback mechanisms in place to understand how the program is meeting families' needs. It is important to ask questions and provide families with different methods to give the leadership team feedback (questionnaires, suggestion box, one on one conversations, family events).

T&Cs and program managers should also focus on families' strengths.Allfamilies have strengths and全部家庭有挑战。其他人的模型专注于每个家庭的优势。T＆CS和计划经理可以参与与家庭关系的关系，并为温暖，欢迎的计划氛围设定音调。T＆CS和计划管理人员担任模型和领导者，他们展示了家庭照顾的真正精神。

观看下面的视频，听到T＆CS，程序经理每天描述与每个家庭连接的重要性以及与父母建立合作伙伴关系的重要性。

计划管理：欢迎家庭

帮助家庭为孩子提供服务

满足家庭的需求，确保他们觉得欢迎，并在担心T＆CS和计划经理的工作方面的所有重要方面提供帮助。在许多情况下，T＆CS是第一人事人在担心孩子的发展时谈判。为每个孩子进行正在进行的进度监测系统，该系统表明其或她的增长和发展提供了与父母分享的优秀文件。在一天中的各个时代保持观察记录对于记录儿童如何随着时间的推移而在学习新的信息和技能时，这也是至关重要的。还应鼓励家庭分享他们在家中观察到的信息。家庭通常是第一个通知他们的孩子遇到困难的人。

T&Cs and program managers assist program staff and families with documentation and referrals to appropriate agencies when there are questions about a child's development. They should have access to phone numbers, addresses, and other written information concerning vision and hearing screenings, health-care providers, early intervention services, school district special services teams, and mental health service agencies. These can be difficult conversations to have with families and so great care and sensitivity must be used when relaying any concerns with children's families and sharing information about the child. When approaching a family with concerns about their child's development, you should be prepared:

• 向家庭询问他们的担忧以及他们对孩子在家里的经历中注意到的事情。
• With documentation from the child or youth's experience in the program to help explain your concerns.
• 使用资源列表，讨论潜在的后续步骤。
• 听家庭。听证会或谈论他们孩子的发展可能是一些家庭的情感体验，特别是如果生命中还有其他压力。
• 为了强调您在这里帮助支持家庭及其孩子，并且您的计划人员希望与家人一起工作，以尽可能地支持他们的孩子。

When programs enroll children who receive special services, the T&Cs and program managers should ensure that the children and teachers have adequate resources and supports. Teachers need training and consultation to work with children with disabilities. The T&Cs or program manager will need to work collaboratively to ensure that an infant's individualized family service plan (IFSP) outcomes or a preschool child's individualized education plan (IEP) goals are addressed. The child's family, the school district or agency personnel, and the child care program leaders are a team working on behalf of the child with disabilities. Successful inclusion of children with disabilities requires careful planning, intentional teaching, and ongoing communication among all team members. You should follow your Service's procedures for how to support children with special needs and what is needed regarding IFSP or IEP documentation. You can also access theKIT resources与计划人员合作开发战略，以支持具有各种特殊需求的儿童。

有优秀的可用资源(reference list) that T&Cs and program managers may use for professional development for themselves and members of their staff. Training and appropriate resources for staff and families are essential to successful inclusion and should be explicitly written into any IFSP or IEP document for children with disabilities attending a child-care or after-school program. It is important to remember that families, or sometimes children's special service providers (e.g., occupational therapists, speech therapists, physical therapists, early intervention specialists, etc.), can be a great resource for how to appropriately support a child with special needs. As a T&C or program manager, you can arrange meetings where you and the appropriate program staff come together to learn specific techniques to use in the classroom to support the child. When appropriate, you can even help families and program staff work together on how they might talk to other children in a child's classroom about their special abilities. See the Learn attachment from the PACER Center Champions for Children with Disabilities resource,Telling Classmates about Your Child's Disability May Foster Acceptance， 想要查询更多的信息。虽然这种资源是家庭的框架，但它有许多有用的想法和战略，为家庭和工作人员如何思想如何思考与较大的课堂社区具有更重要的独特能力。

Watch the video below to hear T&Cs and program managers describe their role in ensuring children with disabilities and special needs receive appropriate care and how to support staff members and families through the journey of caring for these exceptional children.

计划管理：Families with Special Needs

与社区合作伙伴的合作

该计划经理代表本地机构，学校和企业的计划。计划经理may be involved in local groups such as a child care directors’ association, an interagency council focused on youth development and career training, a local community college work group, family advocacy groups and other associations or boards that promote child and family well-being. The program manager demonstrates a commitment to partnerships with other agencies and businesses in the community. As the face of the program, the manager acts with integrity and professionalism.

一些社区伙伴关系可能涉及致力于在谅解备忘录（Mous）中概述的政策和程序进行计划管理员。有时在组织之间开发谅解备忘录，以组织和促进同意儿童和父母的服务。例如，儿童保育计划可能有一个谅解备忘录，具有出生到3个早期干预措施，以书面形式表示原子能机构将为婴儿和幼儿进行婴儿护理中心的发展筛查，这是没有成本的父母或儿童保育组织。发育筛查的MOU可以提交计划管理员，以获得来自父母的签名许可表格，以便将其婴儿筛选，解释筛选过程，包括在过程中的父母。安排在儿童保育中心的空间，为机构工作人员进行筛查也可能是谅解备忘录的一部分。这样的协议意味着父母更多地了解他们孩子的发展，而无需家庭旅行到另一个机构或休假工作。当程序管理人员与社区机构和企业共同努力，合作的时间可能导致儿童，家庭和员工的加强服务。

其他社区协作活动，T＆CS和计划管理人员可以参与包括：

• 为自己和员工分享专业发展机会（研讨会，网络研讨会，会议）
• 申请赠款，奖学金，员工材料的机会（例如，一些公民团体和服务机构为学校和机构提供特别思想的补助，例如添加更多科学相关材料）
• 从社区中获益的机会，他们可以与员工和儿童分享他们的技能和专业知识

建立协作关系需要时间和注意力，但它在提高儿童和青年计划的整体质量方面往往具有有意义的结果。Groups that focus on professional support for T&Cs (e.g., a coaches group) or program managers (e.g., a child care director's group) can provide those in leadership positions with a network to share their celebrations and challenges and to create new friends and colleagues among those working on behalf of children and families.